petroleum and its subjected economic structurs play a significant role in iran's political social and economic develovement. iranian economy highly depends on oil exports and incomes. oil industry provides almost 50% of national budjet and 80 percent of exportation resources. oil's incomes have fluctuated during different decades and experienced the most increasing trend in (2007-2011...

If X is a smooth complex projective 3-fold with ample canonical divisor K, then the inequality K ≥ 2 3 (2pg − 7) holds, where pg denotes the geometric genus. This inequality is nearly sharp. We also give similar, but more complicated, inequalities for general minimal 3-folds of general type. Introduction Given a minimal surface S of general type, we have two famous inequalities, which play cruc...

The following is the classical Hermite-Hadamard inequality [4, 5]: f ( a+ b 2 ) ≤ 1 b− a (S) ∫ b a f(x)dμ ≤ f(a) + f(b) 2 . which provides estimates of the mean value of a convex function f on [a, b] where μ is the Lebesgue measure on R. This inequality in general, is not valid in the fuzzy context. In this paper, we find necessary and sufficient conditions of Hermite-Hadamard type inequality f...

Let a,n be positive integers. In this paper we prove that S(a)S(c1). . • S(d') ~n!(S(a);n·. For any positive integer a, let S(a) be the Smarandache function. fu[l ],Bencze proposed the following problem. Problem. For any positive integers a and n, prove the inequality. n (1) I1S(tI)~n!(S(a);n. k=1 In this paper we completely solve this problem. We prove the following result Theorem. For any pos...

Our goal for this experiment was to demonstrate violation of Bell’s inequalties. This was accomplished by producing two polarization entangled photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion using two type 1 beta barium borate crystals. With polarizers placed in front of two avalanche photodiodes, we observed how the alignment of the polarizers affected the number of observed photon pairs co...

Households became more geographically segregated by income in the United States between 1970 and 1990. Research shows that growing up in a poor neighborhood is associated with worse outcomes for children. This suggests that economic segregation may be harmful to children. Economic inequality also increased between 1970 and 1980. Theoretical arguments suggest that the increase in inequality led ...

1. Aiyar S., Ebeke Ch. [2020], Inequality of opportunity, inequality income and economic growth, World Development, 136: 105–115. Google Scholar

Abstract -In this paper, the problem of H∞ filtering design is studied for nonlinear sampled-data systems using the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model approach. Traditionally, the sufficient conditions for the existence of such H∞ filter are characterized in terms of the solution of a differential Hamilton-Jacobi inequality with jumps, which is equivalent to solving the partial differential inequa...

----------------------------In this paper we justify the use of the between-groups S-convex relative inequality to measure interregional convergence, within an axiomatic normative context. In addition, the use of additive decomposable inequality indices makes the additive multidimensional (and multilevel) inequality decomposition possible, and help us better understand the evolution of the betw...

A class of anonymous measures of mobility is defined that considers the relationship between the long-run and the short-run distributions of income or any other attribute. Several measures of long-run income are explored, and distributions are compared on the basis of several inequality measures. The data from the Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics is used to demonstrate. The basic concept...