although gardner and his associates’ work was most influential in the field of l2 motivation, from the early 1990s onwards, their work has been criticized for several reasons. some researchers claimed that integrative and instrumental orientations were no longer able to convey the complexity of the l2 motivation construct. to examine this complexity, the present study attempted to investigate t...

Enterotoxin B, nuclease, and total exoprotein production by Staphylococcus aureus strain S-6 was studied in a 0.5-liter fermentor system. While these extracellular products were elaborated over a wide range of aeration rates, maximal production occurred within the very narrow range of 125 to 150 cm(3) of air per min. The levels attained at the optimal aeration rate were not increased by maintai...

Niveen AbiGhannam ∗ , LeeAnn Kahlor, Anthony Dudo, Ming-Ching Liang, Sonny Rosenthal and Jay L. Banner Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson ...

We developed a unidirectional 45Ca2+ efflux technique in which 60 cumulative doses of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), each lasting 6 s, were subsequently added to permeabilized A7r5 cells. This technique allowed an accurate determination of the threshold for InsP3 action, which was around 32 nM InsP3 under control conditions. The InsP3-induced Ca2+ release was characterized by an initial ...

Awards are prevalent in all societies and at all times. So far, however, they have escaped the attention of economists. This paper presents a first analysis of awards, distinguishing them from purely monetary forms of rewards. Additionally, popular notions about the use and prevalence of awards are addressed with descriptive statistics from the International Who’s Who.

The ever-changing business context requires organisations to constantly adapt their motivation and service representations. While there has been work focusing on the relation between the motivationand service level, very little work has been done in providing machinery for handling (propagating) changes at the motivation level and identifying the resulting impact on the service landscape. In th...

Many e-Learning practices don’t care about learner’s motivation. There are elements showing that this is an important factor in learner’s success and that a lack of motivation produces a negative emotional impact. This work is aimed at establishing a survey of motivation literature and proposing a Motivation-Oriented System Design for e-Learning. Psychological theories underline the importance ...

the goal for this research is to study the relationship between locus of control and achievement motivation with test anxiety among the master students of the azad university, olum tahghighat unit in 2010-2011. considering the morgan table the number of sample individuals for this research was 370. also cluster double sampling method was used. for collection of data three questions and theories...

motivation is perhaps the most frequently used term for explaining the success and failure of educational tasks. numerous studies have shown that motivation is a key to learning (gardner and lambert, 1972). however, such experiments give us an understanding of what motivation is and what the components of motivation are. but they usually fail to reveal that someone is motivated or how we can cr...

1 These notes summarize the introductory parts of keynote addresses at meetings of the Société Psychologique de Québec, Québec 1993, and the Assoziatione Italiana de la Psicologia delle Emozioni, Milano 1994. The remainder of the talk consisted of an outline of a nonlinear dynamic system account of emotion. Psychologists feel at ease with behavior they can observe it, classify it, even manipula...