this article has tried to look at the prototype of serpent, in the art of ancient iran and neighboring civilization (mesopotamia, egypt, india & greece), since the beginning of these cultures to the first millennium b.c, by researching their myths and beliefs, and also looking at the motifs of their artifacts, by mean of shine a flash on relationship between these cultures, and perusing the inv...

Sacred natural sites have played important social and cultural roles in many cultures around the world for centuries. More recently, scientists have shown that sacred sites act as de facto protected areas. However , the potential for sacred sites to be integrated into conservation strategies depends on the motivations of people to protect them. The objective of this study is to understand peopl...

abstract victoria d. alexander, contemporary sociologist, presented her “modified cultural diamond” in completing and criticizing two approaches of reflect and forming and emphasizes key role of art world’s distributors.reflect approach is based on this fact that art always narrates from society and forming approach covering eide range of theories. their common is the idea that art having influ...

the encyclopedia of islam (leiden) is one of the most important / out–standing appearance of a descriptive–historical or phenomenon–logical attitude to the western islamic studies. also it is considered the symbol of specialization in the studies. since history, culture and civilization of iran pre /after islam) and shi, ism are among the important topics of islamic studies, we show that how th...

Islam consists of three parts – first, faith; second, practice; and finally, Ihsan or ahlak, that is, ethics morals. Sufism profoundly engages with the third part Islam. In other words, it deals inner human beings. The goal this research is to demonstrate persistence in Central Asia due incredible, though nearly invisible, work Sufi brotherhoods. Therefore, role preserving will be examined by a...

PRÉCIS There are various structural morphologies. Some of these may usefully be regarded as ““natural”” morphologies of structure. Characteristically they are discovered and elaborated in accord with their intrinsic quality, rather than idealistically schematized and then imposed upon existence. Examples are the regular and semi-regular polyhedra, the beautiful pattern of interrelationship they...

Sacred forest groves in the Western Ghats of India are small fragments of tropical forest that have received protection due to religious beliefs and cultural practices. These forest fragments are an example of community-based conservation and they serve as refugia for many forest-dwelling species in otherwise highly anthropogenic tropical forest-agriculture landscapes of the Indian Western Ghat...