Background/introduction Fibroadenomas are common, benign lesions of the breast. A minority of fibroadenomas will disappear without treatment, but most increase in size or remain unchanged. Current management of patients with fibroadenomas in the United States varies on a case by case basis and includes observation or surgical excision. Many patients find their fibroadenoma bothersome, and opt f...

Millions of people use mobile medical devices—more every day. But our understanding of device security and privacy for such devices is incomplete. Man-inthe-middle attacks can be performed on typical Bluetooth-enabled mobile medical devices, compromising the privacy and safety of patients. In response, we developed the Personal Security Device, a portable device to improve security for mobile m...

This paper describes why ‘‘device state’’ and ‘‘patient context’’ information are necessarycomponents of device models for safe interoperability. This paper includes a discussion of the importanceof describing the roles of devices with respect to interactions (including human user workflows involvingdevices, and device to device communication) within a system, particularly those int...

The last innovation in operative vaginal delivery happened centuries ago with the invention of the forceps and the vacuum extractor. The World Health Organization Odon Device Research Group recently published a protocol for a feasibility and safety study for a new device (Odon device) which aims to revolutionize assisted vaginal delivery. This editorial discusses the device and its pathway to g...

original article background and objectives: one type of electromagnetic fields, based on frequency range, is extremely low frequency (elf) fields. there are lots of reports about measuring elf- magnetic field (mf) in substations, power plants, cities, near high voltage power lines and etc. this study aimed to compare the difference between measurement of three-axis and single-axis probe mf mete...

OBJECTIVE To compare availability, urban price, and affordability of child/family safety devices between 18 economically diverse countries. DESIGN Descriptive: urban price surveys by local safety organisations or shoppers. SETTING Retail stores and internet vendors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prices expressed in US dollars, and affordability measured by hours of factory work needed to buy a ch...

Liver resection is the standard treatment for any liver lesion. Laparoscopic liver resection is associated with lower intra-operative blood loss and fewer complications than open resection. Access to the posterior part of the right liver lobe is very uncomfortable and difficult for surgeons due the anatomic position, especially when employing laparoscopic surgery. Based on these experiences, a ...

Device drivers have been noted as a major source of faults in operating system code [2]. Largely for efficiency, device drivers and other systems code have historically been written in low-level languages like C. Unfortunately, these languages do not provide the type safety and robustness one would expect in critical systems code. Work has been done to augment the type safety of low-level langu...