Studies on hydromineral balance in fishes frequently employ measurements of electrolytes following euthanasia. We tested the effects of fresh- or salt-water euthanasia baths of tricaine mesylate (MS-222) on plasma magnesium (Mg(2+)) and sodium (Na(+)) ions, cortisol and osmolality in fish exposed to saltwater challenges, and the ion and steroid hormone fluctuations over time following euthanasi...

UNLABELLED Nutritional factors are known to be important in the development of different metabolic diseases. The history of nodular or diffuse goiter is closely related to risk of thyroid carcinoma. On account of the function of the thyroid gland, many studies focus on iodine intake. The aim of the study was to assess whether dietary patterns could be risk factors of differentiated thyroid c...

The saltwater crocodile is the largest of all living reptiles. It is also known and proved that it has the largest biting forces. The magnitude of the biting force exerted by the jaw leads to thoughts about the anatomical structure and construction of the jaw joint in this reptile. Thirteen skulls of the saltwater crocodile (C. porosus) were used for this study. Some skulls were used for X-rayi...

Fishes are known to use chemical alarm cues from both conspecifics and heterospecifics to assess local predation risks and enhance predator detection. Yet it is unknown how recognition of heterospecific cues arises for coral reef fishes. Here, we test if naïve juvenile fish have an innate recognition of heterospecific alarm cues. We also examine if there is a relationship between the intensity ...

Much research effort has recently been devoted to the electromagnetic control of saltwater flows, exploiting the macroscopic interaction of saltwater with electric currents and magnetic fields. This interaction is governed by the equations of viscous incompressible MHD, essentially, the Navier-Stokes equations coupled to Maxwell’s equations. A major problem in the analysis and numerical solutio...

In salt-tolerant Chara longifolia, enhanced Na+ efflux plays an important role in maintaining low cytoplasmic Na+. When it is cultured in fresh water (FW), C. longifolia has a higher Na+ efflux than the obligate FW Chara corallina, although pH dependence and inhibitor profiles are similar for both species (1. Whittington and M.A. Bisson 119941 j Exp Bot 45: 657-665). When it is cultured in salt...

Chara buckellii G.O.A., a salt-tolerant alga, has a less negative membrane potential (Em) when cultured in saline medium (artificial Waldsea water) than when cultured in freshwater. The cell hyperpolarizes and membrane conductance (Gm) decreases when the external medium is changed from Waldsea control solution (WCS), a high-salt medium, to low-salt medium containing sufficient sorbitol to gener...

The main management challenge in coastal aquifers is to prevent saltwater intrusion, ensuring ample freshwater supply. Saltwater intrusion happens due unregulated pumping from production wells. Therefore, it essential have an effective policy, which ensures the requisite amount of be withdrawn without causing intrusion. A methodology for optimizing well locations and maximizing wells presented ...

in aquatic ecosystems, pollutants including heavy metals cause pathological alternations in fishes. as, the impacts of pollutants are affected by chemical properties of water, this study was conducted to compare the histopathological effects of two heavy metals as and cd on gill structure of aphanius sophiae. a total of 350 specimens were collected from the shoor river of eshtehard during the s...

in the last decade, the water level of urmia lake has experienced a dramatically drop. although the causes of this lose have been investigated, the significance of groundwater supplies had not been concerned so much. in the present research, groundwater resources around the lake were explored as its water supplier. the number of wells and groundwater withdrawal has been increased because of cul...