In many epidemiological contexts, disease occurrences and their rates are naturally modelled by counting processes and their intensities, allowing an analysis based on martingale methods. These methods lend themselves to extensions of nested case-control sampling designs where general methods of control selection can be easily incorporated. This same methodology allows for extensions of the Man...

A new model-based approach for estimating the parameters of an arbitrary transformation between two discrete-time sequences will be introduced. One sequence is interpreted as part of a nonlinear measurement equation, the other sequence is typically measured sequentially. Based on every measured value, the probability density function of the parameters is updated using a Bayesian approach. For t...

Various sampling techniques are widely used in environmental, social and resource surveys. Spatial sampling techniques are more efficient than conventional sampling when surveying spatially distributed targets such as CO2 emissions, soil pollution, a population distribution, disaster distribution, and disease incidence, where spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity are prevalent. However, des...

Abstract Objectives Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) is a variant of link-tracing, sampling technique for surveying hard-to-reach communities that takes advantage community members' social networks to reach potential participants. While the RDS mechanism and associated methods adjusting at analysis stage are well-documented in statistical sciences literature, methodological focus has largely be...

Graph sampling is a technique to pick a subset of vertices and/ or edges from original graph. It has a wide spectrum of applications, e.g. survey hidden population in sociology [54], visualize social graph [29], scale down Internet AS graph [27], graph sparsification [8], etc. In some scenarios, the whole graph is known and the purpose of sampling is to obtain a smaller graph. In other scenario...

A wide range of basic and applied problems in water resources research requires high-quality estimates of the spatial mean of throughfall. Many throughfall sampling schemes, however, are not optimally adapted to the system under study. The application of inappropriate sampling schemes may partly reflect the lack of generally applicable guidelines on throughfall sampling strategies. In this stud...

Amyloid fibrils represent a stable form of many misfolded proteins associated with numerous diseases. A well known example is diabetes type II caused by the Islet amyloid polypeptide. The appearance of IAPP fibrils in pancreatic tissue is a hallmark of diabetes type II. To design therapeutic agents to combat the progression of diabetes type II, it is worthwhile to investigate the mechanisms of ...

OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the efficiency of a filter based sampling method and a high volume sampling method for sampling airborne culturable fungi present in waste sorting facilities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Membrane filters method was compared with surface air system method. The selected sampling methods were modified and tested in 2 plastic wast...

a chromium electroplating bath with the ability to produce homogenous mist was used to evaluate parameters influencing hexavalent chromium (cr+6) mist sampling methods. the results of 48 cr+6mist samples collected using the u.s. national institute for occupational safety and health method 7600showed that cr+6concentration was higher: (1) for sampling by closed-face filter cassettes than for sam...