To study the effect of different substrates on growth and yield of gerbera, this experiment was carried out as randomized completely block design with 14 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments were as fallowing: fine sand, peat+fine sand (25%+75%), peat+fine sand (50%+50%), perlite+peat (75%+25%), perlite+peat (50%+50%), perlite+peat (25% +75%), perlite+peat+expanded clay (25%+70%+5%), perli...

excessive production and stockpile of scrap tires cause some environmental and sanitary risks throughout the world. to manage these materials, possible use of soil-tire mixtures has been recently propounded in civil engineering projects. a few studies previously have been conducted to evaluate behavior of clay-tire mixtures, while swelling properties, consolidation and settlement characteristic...

The objectives of this research were to: (i) develop hyperspectral narrow-band models to determine soil variables such as organic matter content (OM), sum of cations (SC = Ca + Mg + K), aluminum saturation (m%), cations saturation (V%), cations exchangeable capacity (CEC), silt, sand and clay content using visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) diffuse reflectance spectra; (ii) compare the variations ...

This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of the nano-kaolinite concentration on the liquefaction resistance of liquefiable sand from Gorgan city of Iran. To examine the influence of the nano-kaolinite concentration on the liquefaction resistance of nano-kaolinite-sand mixtures, three different nano-kaolinite concentrations: 3%, 6% and 9% were prepared. Cyclic triaxial tests were condu...

Clay minerals, which totally make up 4-5% of the earth’s crust, are generally classified into three different phyllosilicate: illites, smectites and kaolins. Of these, kaolin generally has the lowest Fe content and illite the highest; however, smectite also has appreciable Fe contents (<30 wt %). In this editorial, the focus is restricted to the Fe-bearing smectites, since smectites are ubiquit...

A new evaluation method for the dilatancy of fine-grained soils based on monotonic and cyclic undrained triaxial tests has been established using two elasticity approaches: isotropic transverse hypoelasticity. The clays, Kaolin Lower Rhine Clay, with also shows that is dependent stress ratio, void straining direction along intrinsic material parameters. Similar to sand, we can observe a Phase T...

The production of castings by green sand moulds is a very important method for the manufacture of final products for different sectors of industry. In this green sand moulding process the quality of castings depends strongly on the quality of the mould, which in turn is determined by parameters such as the type of foundry machine, the characteristics of the moulding sand and the specifications ...

The addition of charcoal (or biochar) to soil has significant carbon sequestration and agronomic potential, making it important to determine how this potentially large anthropogenic carbon influx will alter ecosystem functions. We used column experiments to quantify how hydrologic and nutrient-retention characteristics of three soil materials differed with biochar amendment. We compared three h...