Propionibacterium acnes, a common skin organism, is most notably recognized for its role in acne vulgaris. It also causes postoperative and device-related infections and has been associated with a number of other conditions such as sarcoidosis and synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO), although its precise role as a causative agent remains to be determined. Propionibact...

The acronym of SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis) combines a cluster of cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations, such as hyperostosis of bones of the anterior chest wall associated with acne fulminans and hidradenitis suppurativa. There are no validated diagnostic criteria in children. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not always sufficient, and ...

the head of the patient and performs fiberoptic bronchoscopy (Olympus NFT3 Rhino-Laryngo Fiberscope; Olympus Optical; Hamburg, Germany) to prevent complications. The second physician performs the procedure. To prevent abnormal insertion and tracheal injury, the use of a single progressive conic dilator (Ciaglia Blue Rhino; William Cook Europe; Bjaeverskov, Denmark) is better than the use of sev...

the head of the patient and performs fiberoptic bronchoscopy (Olympus NFT3 Rhino-Laryngo Fiberscope; Olympus Optical; Hamburg, Germany) to prevent complications. The second physician performs the procedure. To prevent abnormal insertion and tracheal injury, the use of a single progressive conic dilator (Ciaglia Blue Rhino; William Cook Europe; Bjaeverskov, Denmark) is better than the use of sev...