This final chapter is framed by the following admittedly broad question: Why is imagery part of language? That it is so has been a leading theme of this book. I shall develop a hypothesis at the end of the chapter that the evolution of language crucially depended at one point on gestures and imagery. Without gestures, according to the hypothesis, some of the brain circuits required for language...

Research methods with roots in complexity science are increasingly popular social research. However, they not widespread and have potential to deliver value more fully consistently research methodology. One reason for this is that often used alone, or only traditional methods. We attempt support catalyse the use of complexity-framed combination research, by systematically reviewing which framed...

Adaptive agents cooperating in rich, open environments will need shared ontologies and linguistic conventions to communicate critical information. In the face of open systems and environmental change, pre-defined ontologies are suboptimal. In open systems, new agents or web services can require new conventions not captured in existing conceptualizations. A more adaptive and more theoretically i...

We report on a preliminary study which investigated the effect of form vs. meaning focused computer-based type-written activities on spoken communicative skills of learners of German. Both types of activities were realized as written interactions with a computer-based dialogue system and were framed within a “Directions giving” scenario. The linguistic form in focus was the German dative case i...

The use of our rube Methodology permits the design of computing models that are framed using user-specified aesthetics. For example, we can design a functional block model using 3D blocks and pipes, or alternatively, using rooms and portals. Our recent approach has been to construct dynamic models using the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) by taking familiar 2D icons, and subsequently m...

Innovation design for complex products is a difficult issue in the military manufacturing industry. Ontology may provide a feasible way to rebuild the design process for complex products via sharing and reusing of design knowledge. In this paper, a design method used in the innovation design process of the complex products with knowledge modeling is proposed. Knowledge modeling is realized thro...

We studied framed deformations of two dimensional Galois representation of which the residue representation restrict to decomposition groups are scalars, and established a modular lifting theorem for certain cases. We then proved a family version of the result, and used it to determine the structure of deformation rings over characteristic zero fields. As a corollary, we obtain the L-invariant ...

This chapter highlights conclusions from the previous chapters about factors impinging on the design of teacher education programs and then assembles a design brief informed by the research reviewed. It begins with economic and social factors impinging on the recruitment, preparation and retention of teachers. It then looks at overall national policy for teachers and teacher education. National...