The role of hemoglobin as a carrier of oxygen in the blood was established in 1859 by Hoppe­ Seyler (12). Bert (3, 4), using whole blood, fur­ nished experimental data whereby an oxyhcmoglobin affinity curve could be plotted. In 1886, C. Bohr published data on purified hemoglobin for the second curve of oxyhemoglobin affinity (23). By 1903, Bohr had established that the oxyhemoglobin affinity c...

A pulse oximeter model linking arterial (SaO2) and peripheral (SpO2) oxygen saturation is the terminal part of a mathematical neonatal transport. Previous studies have confirmed overestimation measured by oximetry in neonates compared to large variability values over time caused measurement inaccuracies. This work aimed determine SpO2 noise that affects biased value at each point integrate desc...

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive optical technology that relies on the relative transparency of biological tissues to near infrared light (700-900 nm) to determine tissue oxygenation. Oxy and deoxy hemoglobin and cytochrome aa3 possess distinct absorption characteristics in the near infrared spectrum. By monitoring absorption at wavelengths where oxyand deoxyhemoglobin and cyt...

We examine various independent component analysis (ICA) digital signal processing algorithms for estimating the arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) as measured by a reflective pulse oximeter. The ICA algorithms examined are FastICA, Maximum Likelihood ICA (ICAML), Molgedey and Schuster ICA (ICAMS), and Mean Field ICA (ICAMF). The signal processing includes pre-processing bandpass filtering to eli...

In 8 adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, the perfusion flow was altered from 2.4 to 1.8 and 1.2 L/min/m during hypothermia (26.5 ± 2.3°C). Following rewarming of the patients to 37°C, the perfusion flow was also altered from 2.4 to 1.8 and 1.2 L/min/m • The resulting mixed venous oxyhemoglobin saturation (Sv0 2 ) was measured in vivo by in-line oximetry at the actual body temperat...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) at 15-second intervals within 60 seconds after incremental increases of fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) during resuscitation of infants younger than 29 weeks requiring two different forms of ventilatory support. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational study. METHODS Forty-three infants were stabilized, 14 by continuou...

OBJECTIVE Hypoxemia, often assessed via pulse oximetry, is associated with neurocognitive deficits in children. The best way to qualify hypoxemia, or which level of hypoxemia already affects cognition, is unknown. METHODS We assessed the association of pulse oximetry-derived variables that qualify hypoxemia with impaired academic performance in mathematics in a population-based cross-section ...

OBJECTIVE The precision of oxygen saturation (SpO2) targeting in preterm infants on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is incompletely characterized. We therefore evaluated SpO2 targeting in infants solely receiving CPAP, aiming to describe their SpO2 profile, to document the frequency of prolonged hyperoxia and hypoxia episodes and of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) adjustments, and...

OBJECTIVE This study tested the effects of low perfusion caused by emerging sepsis on the reliability of a new pulse oximetry technology (Masimo SET; IVY 405T) compared with a standard pulse oximeter (Nellcor N-200). DESIGN Randomized trial. SETTING University animal research facility. SUBJECTS Twenty-six anesthetized, ventilated (Fio, 1.0), adult rabbits. INTERVENTIONS Pneumonia/sepsis...