This paper presents theory and evidence on horizontal industry structure, focusing on situations where plant-level scale economies are small and market power is not an issue. At issue is the question: what makes industries necessarily fragmented? The theoretical model distinguishes between the structure of brands and firms in an industry by examining trade-offs associated with affiliation and i...

For any industry/organization to work properly, it should have human resource i.e. employees, money, raw material and Plant & Machines. Only Employees Human Resource Management (HRM) can use other resources put everything else into operations, as they can’t themselves. That is why one of the biggest departments in organization. It a function that deals with hiring, training safety, salary payme...

This paper investigates structural change at the national and the regional level in five broadly defined sectors of the Canadian economy--the natural-resource-based, the labourintensive, the scale-based, the product-differentiated, and the science-based sectors. Three aspects of change are examined. First, changes in the importance of each sector over the last twenty years are traced. Second, t...