Copyright (c)1999, American Association for Artificial Inteligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. The proliferation of sensors and the ease of large dataset maintenance have given many scientists more data than can be analyzed by traditional means. Computers have long been used to help scientists calculate. Science, however, is more than calculating. Science at least also involves hypothe...

The model of scientific paradigms spreading throughout the community of agents with memory is analyzed using the master equation. The case of two competing ideas is considered for various networks of interactions, including agents placed at Erd˝ os-Rényi graphs or complete graphs. The pace of adopting a new idea by a community is analyzed, along with the distribution of periods after which a ne...

penal populism researches have provided valuable data about characteristics of penal populist policies. generally, penal populist policies are tough, popular, symbolic, emotional and without scientific bases. penal populist reactions appear in the light of popular moves and emotional environment. these polices attempt to control criminal phenomena by penal mechanisms in a shortest possible time...

During the past few decades, major advances in the fıelds of cognitive psychology, brain research, and discipline-based education research in college science classrooms are providing guiding principles for how to achieve learning of complex knowledge and skills such as science. In part I, we describe the nature of expertise and how it is learned, primarily based on the fındings of cognitive psy...

The purpose or practical induction is to create systems ror powerrul (efficient and effective) generalization learning. This paper argues that a ,cientific approach to practical induction promotes discovery of essential principles. Some have emerged from development of the author's learning systems, which have contributed promising methods and unique results. INTRODUCTION (Induction in Seie~ce ...

According to the semantic view, a theory is characterized by a class of models. In this paper, we examine critically some of the assumptions that underlie this approach. First, we recall that models are models of something. Thus we cannot leave completely aside the axiomatization of the theories under consideration, nor can we ignore the metamathematics used to elaborate these models, for chang...

Data annotations are an important kind of metadata that occur in the form of externally assigned descriptions of particular features in Web accessible documents. Such metadata are eventually used in data retrieval tasks on heterogeneous, possible distributed Web-accessible documents. In this paper, we present the model and realization of an annotation framework that scientists can employ to sem...

One of the crucial requirements for a Scientific Visualization system is to produce reliable and accurate results. There are many possible sources of errors that could jeopardise these efforts, such as measurement or simulation errors in the pre-analysis stage, or errors generated in the visualization process itself. Our focus here is to control errors introduced during the visualization proces...