In real soundings of the Earth’s atmosphere, it has been found that the phase and amplitude of the signal received undergo strong oscillations at altitudes above the neutral atmosphere and below the Elayer of the ionosphere. This ionospheric scintillation effect is a consequence of multipath propagation resulting from inhomogeneities in the refractivity field of the ionosphere. Ionospheric scin...

Waves propagating through a weakly scattering random medium show a pronounced branching of the flow accompanied by the formation of freak waves, i.e., extremely intense waves. Theory predicts that this strong fluctuation regime is accompanied by its own fundamental length scale of transport in random media, parametrically different from the mean free path or the localization length. We show num...

stools were determined by liquid scintillation counting. Plasma and urine alkylating activity was measured by reaction with 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine. Protein binding of cyclophosphamide and plasma alkylating metabolites were deter mined by plasma ultrafiltration. Injected Cyclophosphamide distributed rapidly into 64% of body weight, and plasma Cyclophosphamide half-life in patients without pri...

The TopCountTM Microplate Scintillation Counter quantitates radioisotopes by liquid scintillation counting in standard microplate formats. Assays that previously had to be transferred from microplates to vials or to non-standard formats for counting can now be quantitated directly in microplates. TopCount can count up to 12 samples simultaneously with performance comparable to that of discrete ...

Cosmogenic sulfur-35 in water as dissolved sulfate ((35)SO4) has successfully been used as an intrinsic hydrologic tracer in low-SO4, high-elevation basins. Its application in environmental waters containing high SO4 concentrations has been limited because only small amounts of SO4 can be analyzed using current liquid scintillation counting (LSC) techniques. We present a new analytical method f...

ABSTRACT Scintillation noise significantly limits high precision ground-based photometry of bright stars. In this paper, we present the first ever on-sky demonstration scintillation correction. The technique uses tomographic wavefront sensing to estimate spatial-temporal intensity fluctuations induced by altitude optical turbulence. With an altitudes and relative strengths turbulent layers abov...

The disturbances and irregularities in the ionosphere are primarily recognized ramifications of space weather called scintillations. Irregularities electron densities source ionospheric This article investigates scintillations, which predominant trans-equatorial equatorial regions. Based on data from a multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receiver at Chaitanya Bharathi...

Monitoring ionospheric scintillation on a global scale requires introducing network of widely distributed geodetic receivers, which call for special type index due to the low sampling rate such receivers. ROTI, as with great potential being applied in receivers globally, lacks extensive verification high-latitude region. Taking phase (σϕ) provided by monitoring reference, this paper analyses da...

Liquid scintillation counting of 3H-labeled whole-blood samples is severely impaired owing to quenching by blood pigments. In this study, dry oxidation and chemical solubilization followed by decolorization were the two general methods used to eliminate color quenching. Three blood volumes were examined: 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mL. Dry oxidation yielded complete recoveries of 3H label with counting...

An informal bilateral comparison of (14)C liquid scintillation (LS) counting at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been completed. Two solutions, one containing (14)C-labeled sodium benzoate and one containing (14)C-labeled n-hexadecane, were measured at both laboratories. Despite observed LS cocktail instabilities, th...