Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system in humans. The adult pork tape worm, Taenia solium, resides in the lumen of the intestine, and the only structural element of an adult worm usually found within a tissue cyst in the brain or in muscle is a single invaginated scolex. We report a highly unusual, and perhaps unique, occurrence of neurocysticerc...

A case of a 40-year-old female, in whom a 6-meter long worm (Taenia saginata) was found in stomach, is reported here. In this patient, T. saginata upward migration of the worm to the stomach, its rare phenomenon, worm mostly seen in the small intestine. This is mainly because of the high gastric acidity. In this patient, we believe proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use caused hypochlorhydria and coex...

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) recognizes muramyl dipeptide (MDP) of bacterial cell walls, triggering NFκB-induced pro-inflammation. As most human pathogenic filariae contain Wolbachia endobacteria that synthesize the MDP-containing cell wall precursor lipid II, NOD2's role during infection with the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis was investigated....

Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) is a water-borne parasitic infection that is intimately tied to the environment and to human behavior. The campaign to eradicate this disease lasted nearly 30 years and provides many lessons that may be adapted for attacking other problems successfully, particularly where change in human habits is required in order to mitigate or interrupt transmission. The ...

Eosinophils have recently been demonstrated capable of localizing to lymph nodes that drain mucosal surfaces, in particular during T helper 2 (Th2) responses. Resistance of mice to infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Trichuris muris depends critically on mounting of a Th2 response and represents a useful model system to investigate Th2 responses. Following infection of resistant BALB/c...

The lack of a quantitative framework that describes the dynamic relationships between infection and morbidity has constrained efforts aimed at the community-level control of lymphatic filariasis. In this paper, we describe the development and validation of EPIFIL, a dynamic model of filariasis infection intensity and chronic disease. Infection dynamics are modeled using the well established imm...

Erratum After the publication of the article [1] is was brought to our attention that the title was incorrectly given as “High incidence of periprosthetic joint infection with propionibacterium acnes after the use of a stemless shoulder prosthesis with metaphyseal screw fixation a retrospective cohort study of 241 patients propionibacter infections after eclipse TSA”. The correct title is “High...

BACKGROUND This study retrospectively reviewed 9 patients who underwent occipitocervical fixation with a newly developed screw-rod fixation system between April 2004 and November 2005. The objective was to evaluate the clinical result of occipitocervical fixation with the screw-rod fixation system, including symptom relief, fusion rate and complications. METHODS All 9 patients received occipi...

Immune responses associated with intestinal nematode infections are characterized by the activation of T-helper 2 (Th2) cells. Previous studies demonstrated that during Trichinella spiralis infection, Th2 cells contribute to the development of intestinal muscle hypercontractility and to worm eviction from the gut, in part through signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6 (Stat6)...

To detect and defend against Internet worms, researchers have long hoped to have a safe convenient environment to unleash and run real-world worms for close observation of their infection, damage, and propagation. However, major challenges exist in realizing such “worm playgrounds”, including the playgrounds’ fidelity, confinement, scalability, as well as convenience in worm experiments. In thi...