Structural concrete exposed to marine environment deserves special attention as the diffused sea salts chemically react with harden cement matrix and forms various expansive/leachable compounds leading to loss of material, strength, cracking, spalling etc. This study cover the effect of sea water on the specimens cast from two grades of concrete exposed to simulated marine environment over a ye...

When uninjured cells of Valonia are placed in methylene blue dissolved in sea water it is found, after 1 to 3 hours, that at pH 5.5 practically no dye penetrates, while at pH 9.5 more enters the vacuole. As the cells become injured more dye enters at pH 5.5, as well as at pH 9.5. No dye in reduced form is found in the sap of uninjured cells exposed from 1 to 3 hours to methylene blue in sea wat...

A principal technical objective is to simulate and understand the behavior of Lagrangian drifters and floats in the presence of deep convection in the Labrador Sea. The corollary scientific objective for the Labrador Sea DeepConvection ARI is to understand the production, transport and dissipation of TKE and scalar variances (potential temperature and salinity); and the production and transport...

Dunaliella salina is a unicellular green microalga that is considered as one of the best commercial sources of carotenoids. Growth and pigment production of D. salina (isolated from Sambhar Salt Lake, Rajasthan) was studied by using various inorganic media differing in chemical compositions viz. Artificial Sea Water media, De Walne’s media, Johnson’s media, AS-100 and Modified Bold’s Basal medi...

The origin of sea salt in snow on Arctic sea ice and in coastal regions F. Domine, R. Sparapani, A. Ianniello, and H. J. Beine CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l’Environnement, BP 96, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères cedex, France C.N.R. – IIA, Via Salaria Km 29,3 , I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy Received: 19 May 2004 – Accepted: 2 July 2004 – Published: 24 August 2004 Corr...

The spatial glaciochemical variability of snow samples collected along a transect from Zhongshan Station to Lambert Glacier Basin 69 (LGB69) in Antarctica was investigated. Sea-salt ion concentrations exponentially decreased with increasing distance the coast and/or altitude. observed high sea-salt within 20.6 km may be related preferential wet or dry deposition aerosols. Methanesulfonic acid (...

Salt marshes are among the most abundant, fertile, and accessible coastal habitats on earth, and they provide more ecosystem services to coastal populations than any other environment. Since the Middle Ages, humans have manipulated salt marshes at a grand scale, altering species composition, distribution, and ecosystem function. Here, we review historic and contemporary human activities in mars...

We explore the role of sea ice freshwater and salt fluxes in modulating 21 century surface warming in the Southern Ocean via analysis of sensitivity experiments in the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). In particular, we investigate whether a change in these fluxes can cause surface cooling in the Southern Ocean, expand sea ice, and increase deep oceanic storage of heat. Our resu...

dry areas near the sea can obtain fresh water through solar distillation of saline sea water resources. however, these solar distillation sites produce wastewater as a result of desalination of sea water with high salt concentration. waste must be disposed of with the least effect on the receiving environment (sea, in most cases). initial dilution and its characteristics play important roles in...