Variations in morphology and salt spray tolerance were studied among 22 populations of Setaria viridis derived from the coastal inland habitats central Japan to elucidate adaptation species habitats, which are important reservoirs that enhance overall diversity agro-ecosystems. The S. comprised three ecotypes differed plant form tolerance: short, for within rocky cliffs pebble shores; tall, fou...

A GLObal Model of Aerosol Processes (GLOMAP) has been developed as an extension to the TOMCAT 3-D Eulerian off-line chemical transport model. GLOMAP simulates the evolution of the global aerosol size distribution using a sectional two-moment scheme and includes the processes of aerosol nucleation, condensation, growth, coagulation, wet and dry deposition and cloud processing. We describe the re...

Historically, our understanding of the air-sea surface stress has been derived from engineering studies of turbulent flows over flat solid surfaces, and more recently, over rigid complex geometries. Over the ocean however, the presence of a free, deformable, moving surface gives rise to a more complicated drag formulation. In fact, within the constant-stress turbulent atmospheric boundary layer...