Satellite observations from 1985–2006 indicate that in the last 2 decades the temperature in the upper layer of the Mediterranean Sea has been increasing at an average (±SD) rate of 0.03 ± 0.008°C yr–1 for the western basin and 0.05 ± 0.009°C yr–1 for the eastern basin. The increases in temperature are not constant throughout the year but occur primarily during May, June and July. Maximum incre...

the present study carried out an in vitro experiment on effects of salinity and temperature on acartia tonsa life cycle from caspian sea. during the experiment, temperature and salinity ranged 25, 27, 29 ± 1 °c and 12‰ and 17‰, respectively within a period of 60 days. spawning rate was measured using mesh size of 100 µ planktonic net from surface to 10 m depth. early results show that nauplii a...

Sea surface temperature (SST) can be estimated from remotely-sensed images. Because of the sparsity of the available observation it is ideal to do estimation using dynamic methods (such as Kalman filtering). To model dynamics of SST accurately we need to know motion of sea current. The traditional video motion estimation problem is straightforward, in some ways, because there are so few constra...

Satellite multi-sensor data is used to derive sensible heat flux (SHF), Bowen ratio (Bo), and thus latent heat flux (LHF) in the tropical Pacific. The temperature differences at the air–sea interface are determined empirically for regions where strong deep air convection is present due to the buoyancy force. The vertical airflow results in surface wind divergence, which is estimated from scatte...