Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential part of the hydrological cycle and accurately estimating it plays a crucial role in water resource management. Surface energy balance (SEB) models are widely used to estimate regional ET with remote sensing. The presence of horizontal advection, however, perturbs the surface energy balance system and contributes to the uncertainty of energy influxes. Thus...

Article history: Received 5 July 2010 Received in revised form 10 February 2011 Accepted 10 February 2011 Available online 21 March 2011 We compare the effects of socioeconomic background (SEB) and intelligence on wage trajectories in a dynamic growth modeling framework in a sample that had completed just 12 years of education. I show that the main difference between the two is that SEB affecte...

DNA-DNA colony hybridization experiments with three different synthetic probes were carried out with 210 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The synthetic probes encoded the amino acids 15 to 29 (probe 1), 179 to 192 (probe 2), and 207 to 219 (probe 3) of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The amino acid sequences of these parts of SEB are identical to those of SEC1. All 21 SEB-producing strains...

approved: ThoMa J. bgers The ability of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) to stimulate a population of suppressor cells in cultures of murine splenocytes was investigated. A suppressor cell population which was capable of suppressing the ability of normal syngeneic splenocytes to respond to heterologous sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was induced by purified SEE. Final SEE concentrations ranging fro...

McKay, Derek M., Michelle A. Benjamin, and Jun Lu. CD41 T cells mediate superantigen-induced abnormalities in murine jejunal ion transport. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 38): G29–G38, 1998.—The immunomodulatory properties of bacterial superantigens (SAgs) have been defined, yet comparatively little is known of how SAgs may affect enteric physiology. Staphylococcus aureus ent...

PURPOSE We assessed the combined use of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) superantigen pre-treatment along with allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) to induce immune suppression condition and inhibit corneal keratoplasty rejection in mice. METHODS BALB/C (H-2d) mice were both BMT and corneal allografts donors and C57BL/6(H-2b) mice were recipients. Prior to BMT, recipients received single...

BACKGROUND Targeting bacterial virulence factors is now gaining interest as an alternative strategy to develop new types of anti-infective agents. It has been shown that thymol, when used at low concentrations, can inhibit the TSST-1 secretion in Staphylococcus aureus. However, there are no data on the effect of thymol on the production of other exotoxins (e.g., alpha-hemolysin and enterotoxins...

Mice (BALB/cJ, C3H/HeN, and C3H/HeJ) primed with actinomycin D became highly susceptible to lethal intoxication with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The mice underwent toxicosis and toxic shock and died. Actinomycin D-primed C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice showed equal sensitivity to SEB, suggesting that bacterial lipopolysaccharide derived from gram-negative bacteria in the gut may not be an impo...

Four mutations (N23A, Y90A, R110A and F177A) were introduced into S19, a vaccine candidate for staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), resulting in a lower binding affinity towards the T-cell receptor beta chain (TCB) and reducing its superantigen activity. The structure of S19 was solved and was superposed on the native or complex structure of SEB. In the superposition model, mutations that were i...

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) occupies a pivotal point within the network of brain nuclei coordinating critical host-defense responses. In mice, T cell-dependent immune stimuli, including the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), can activate the PVH. To determine whether T cell-dependent immune stimuli activate the PVH in rats, we assessed plasma co...