Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a comprehensive statistical modeling tool for analyzing multivariate data involving complex relationships between and among variables (Hoyle, 1995). SEM surpasses traditional regression models by including multiple independent and dependent variables to test associated hypothesizes about relationships among observed and latent variables. SEM explain why res...

Introduction Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been widely used for imaging objects with various dimensions ranging from millimeters to nanometers. Compared with other common microscopies, SEM offers a unique combination of imaging characteristics including high lateral resolution, broad magnifi cation range, and large depth of fi eld. As the working mechanism of SEM, a focused electron be...

Introduction Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been widely used for imaging objects with various dimensions ranging from millimeters to nanometers. Compared with other common microscopies, SEM offers a unique combination of imaging characteristics including high lateral resolution, broad magnification range, and large depth of field. As the working mechanism of SEM, a focused electron beam...

With the ever-increasing acceptance of the need to empirically validate theories in the social science disciplines (e.g., Sheth, 1971), data and multivariate analysis techniques (e.g., Hair et al., 2010; Hair et al., 2011b; Mooi and Sarstedt, 2011) play a central role in today’s research. The evolution of structural equation modeling (SEM) methods is perhaps the most important and influential s...

in the present study, pathogenicity of four native strains of entomopathogenic fungus; metarhizium anisopliae, was studied against adult stage of ixodes ricinus. for this purpose a total number of 180 adult ticks were examined in triplicate. thirty ticks for each strain and negative and positive controls were immersed in 2.4×107 fungal conidia/ml in vitro. samples were incubated in separate pet...