Increasing demand for developable space in urban areas has created increased interest in construction on top of old landfills. Landfill redevelopment projects can include hard uses such as commercial, industrial, or infrastructure facilities and soft uses such as athletic fields, golf courses, and amphitheatres. Engineering challenges associated with landfill redevelopment include foundation de...

1 The work described in this paper was coordinated by the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions on Behalf of the Department of Energy. The work was also supported by the University of California Energy Institute and by PSERC. Abstract We analyze alternative market designs for a multisettlement system for electricity in which the resolution of the transmission network model is...

Abst rac t Balanus subalbidus (Henry) has the most oligohaline distribution of three congeneric barnacles in Chesapeake Bay and tolerates prolonged exposure to fresh water. We studied larval settlement (i.e., permanent attachment and metamorphosis) of B. subalbidus in the laboratory, over a 3 yr period, May 1989 to March 1992, under the following conditions: (1) across an array of salinities at...

The selection of new settlement areas and the construction of safe buildings, as well as rendering built-up areas safe, are of great importance in mitigating the damage caused by natural disasters. Most cities in Turkey are unprepared for natural hazards. In this paper, Çanakkale, located in a first-degree seismic zone and sprawled around the Sartçay Delta, is examined in terms of its physical ...

Endogenous development strategies should not be interpreted as inwardlooking. Small scale economies need to be open in order to perform. The latter has been especially put forward in the case of small state islands (Read and Staines, 2004...). Yet, we deem that the same is true for other types of territories with geographic specificities. It has already been shown that, in many instances, spars...

For tunneling in urban areas, understanding the interaction and behavior of tunnels foundation adjacent structures is very important, various studies have been conducted. Superstructures areas are designed constructed with piled rafts, which more effective than conventional foundation. However, settlement a raft induced by mostly focuses on settlement. In this study, therefore, pile settlements...

Payment systems are one of the key Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) and have showed remarkable progress over the past two decades. The first half of this chapter focuses on the evolutionary process of payment systems, starting with the Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) system and progressing to the RealTime Gross Settlement (RTGS) system. Subsequently, much more sophisticated payment systems...

During Earth's history, species extinction has probably been caused by modifications of the physical environment after impacts such as meteorites or volcanic activity. On the contrary, the actual extinction of species is mainly a result of human activities, namely any form of land use that causes the conversion of vast areas to settlement, agriculture, and forestry, resulting in habitat destruc...