Abstract Early feminist or pro-woman works often combine the claim that rational souls of men and women are same with an argument for superiority women. This article considers two such works, Lucrezia Marinella's The Nobility Excellence Women Defects Vices Men (Venice, 1601 [1999]) Marguerite Buffet's In Praise Illustrious Learned Women, both Ancient Modern (Paris, 1668), in order to show conti...

Physicians in the seventeenth century developed several theories to explain the causes and cures of fever. These theories relied heavily upon the most important physiological discovery of the period, the circulation of blood throughout the human body. In addition, physicians, increasingly emphasized careful observation of their patients' symptoms, in order to develop empirically effective metho...