The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of Gokshura and nettle root extracts on growth rate and sex reversal in Convict cichlid fish. Seven-day hatchlings were immersed in water containing 0 (Control, T1), 200 mg/l nettle root extract (T2), 300 mg/l nettle root extract (T3), 10 mg/l Gokshura extract (T4) and 10 mg/l Gokshura plus 200 mg/l nettle root extracts (T5) for two m...

1. Abstract Sex differentiation is generally more labile in gonochoristic fish than it is, for example, in birds and mammals. Environmentally induced sex reversal is therefore often possible and creates genotype-phenotype mismatches that can be useful in population management. Interestingly, sex chromosomes of fish are typically not significantly decayed, i.e. all types of offspring of sex-reve...

Variation in the TGF-β signaling pathway is emerging as an important mechanism by which gonadal sex determination is controlled in teleosts. Here we show that amhy, a Y-specific duplicate of the anti-Müllerian hormone (amh) gene, induces male sex determination in Nile tilapia. amhy is a tandem duplicate located immediately downstream of amhΔ-y on the Y chromosome. The coding sequence of amhy wa...

Canine Sry-negative XX sex reversal is a disorder of gonadal development wherein individuals having a female karyotype develop testes or ovotestes. In this study, linkage mapping was undertaken in a pedigree derived from one proven carrier American cocker spaniel founder male and beagle females. All affected dogs in the analysis were XX true hermaphrodites and confirmed to be Sry negative by po...

In monogamous animals, males are usually the predominant competitors for mates. However, a strictly monogamous pipefish Corythoichthys haematopterus exceptionally exhibits a reversed sex role. To understand why its sex role is reversed, we measured the adult sex ratio and the potential reproductive rate (PRR), two principal factors influencing the operational sex ratio (OSR), in a natural popul...

The origin of sex reversal in XX goats homozygous for the polled intersex syndrome (PIS) mutation was unclear because of the complexity of the mutation that affects the transcription of both FOXL2 and several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Accumulating evidence suggested that FOXL2 could be the sole gene of the PIS locus responsible for XX sex reversal, the lncRNAs being involved in transcripti...

To understand the sex reversal characteristics in the longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus), this study examined the sex reversal and artificial masculinization of wild caught E. bruneus reared in indoor rearing tank after a 17α-methyltestosterone injection. To domesticate a broodstock, 64 wild caught E. bruneus, between 47.0 to 110.0 cm in total length and from 1.5 to 21.4 kg in body weight,...

C57BL/6J (B6) mice containing the Mus domesticus poschiavinus Y chromosome, YPOS, develop ovarian tissue, whereas testicular tissue develops in DBA/2J or 129S1/SvImJ (129) mice containing the YPOS chromosome. To identify genes involved in sex determination, we used a congenic strain approach to determine which chromosomal regions from 129Sl/SvImJ provide protection against sex reversal in XYPOS...

During mouse sex determination, transient expression of the Y-linked gene Sry up-regulates its direct target gene Sox9, via a 3.2 kb testis specific enhancer of Sox9 (TES), which includes a core 1.4 kb element, TESCO. SOX9 activity leads to differentiation of Sertoli cells, rather than granulosa cells from the bipotential supporting cell precursor lineage. Here, we present functional analysis o...

SRY, SOX9, and DAX1 are key genes in human sex determination, by virtue of their associated male-to-female sex reversal phenotypes when mutated (SRY, SOX9) or over-expressed (DAX1). During human sex determination, SRY is expressed in 46,XY gonads coincident with sex cord formation, but also persists as nuclear protein within Sertoli cells at 18 weeks gestation. High-level SOX9 expression in the...