The evaluation of the traction exerted by a cell on a planar substrate is here considered as an inverse problem: shear stress is calculated on the basis of the measurement of the deformation of the underlying gel layer. The adjoint problem of the direct two-dimensional plain stress operator is derived by a suitable minimization requirement. The resulting coupled systems of elliptic partial diff...

We use a novel 3D inter-/intracellular force microscopy technique based on 3D traction force microscopy to measure the cell-cell junctional and intracellular tensions in subconfluent and confluent vascular endothelial cell (EC) monolayers under static and shear flow conditions. We found that z-direction cell-cell junctional tensions are higher in confluent EC monolayers than those in subconflue...

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays have been demonstrated as probes for rapid quantifying of cancer cell deformability with high resolution. Through entrapment of various cancer cells on CNT arrays, the deflections of the nanotubes during cell deformation were used to derive the lateral cell shear force using a large deflection mode method. It is observed that VACNT beams act as ...

Abstract-We study dynamic axisymmetric thermomechanical deformations of a viscoplastic cylinder with its boundaries assumed to be thermally insulated, its mantle traction free, and its top and bottom surfaces compressed at a prescribed rate. We consider two limiting cases of the frictional force between the loading device and the cylinder, i.e. either there is no sliding between the two surface...

Vascular endothelial cells are exposed to a variety of in vivo mechanical forces, specifically, shear stress for the blood flow, tensile stress from the compliance of the vessel wall and the hydrostatic pressure from containment of blood within inside the vasculature. Many authors studied hemodynamic, functional and morphological human saphenous veins alterations caused by these different force...

Meshing teeth pairs of involute spur gears often form the final drive high-performance motorsport transmissions. They are subject to high normal and shear loading. Under transient conditions pertaining a meshing cycle, contact alter from onset pair engagement through maximum loading, followed by separation. Sliding motion only ceases instantaneously at pitch point. The regime lubrication remain...

In this paper, a novel and effective formulation based on isogeometric approach (IGA) and Refined Plate Theory (RPT) is proposed to study the behavior of laminated composite plates. Using many kinds of higher-order distributed functions, RPT model naturally satisfies the traction-free boundary conditions at plate surfaces and describes the non-linear distribution of shear stresses without requi...