PURPOSE We analyzed the smoke plume produced by various energy-based laparoscopic instruments and determined its effect on laparoscopic visibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Bipolar Macroforceps, Harmonic Scalpel, Floating Ball, and Monopolar Shears were applied in vitro to porcine psoas muscle. An Aerodynamic Particle Sizer and Electrostatic Classifier provided a size distribution of the plu...

Deformation modulus of rock mass has a significant role in the support design of an underground excavation. It is determined by expensive in-situ tests or by empirical models. Existing models for estimation of deformation modulus do not consider its stress dependence. Herein, data from several sources is used to develop a stress- (depth-) dependent relation for estimation of deformation modulus...

In this paper, we present a case study of continuous reconnection at the dayside magnetopause observed by the Cluster spacecraft. On 1 April 2003, the four Cluster spacecraft experienced multiple encounters with the Earth’s dayside magnetopause under a fairly stable southwestward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Accelerated plasma flows, whose magnitude and direction are consistent with the...

The turbulence refractivity structure constant (Cn) is an important parameter of the atmosphere. VHF radars have been used extensively for the measurements of Cn. Presently, most of such observations are from mid and high latitudes and only very limited observations are available for equatorial and tropical latitudes. Indian MST radar is an excellent tool for making high-resolution measurements...

Research on the influence of reference frames has generally focused on visual phenomena such as the oblique effect, the subjective visual vertical, the perceptual upright, and ambiguous figures. Another line of research concerns mental rotation studies in which participants had to discriminate between familiar or previously seen 2-D figures or pictures of 3-D objects and their rotated versions....

A variational problem arising as a model in martensitic phase transformation including surface energy is studied. It explains the complex, multi-dimensional pattern of twin branching which is often observed in a martensitic phase near the austenite interface. We prove that a Lavrentiev phenomenon can occur if the domain is a rectangle. We show that this phenomenon disappears under arbitrarily s...

The current standard of care for treating benign adrenal disease is laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Surgical tools, such as ultrasonic shears and vessel sealing systems, have increased in popularity and improved surgical outcomes. However, the safety profile of clipless and sutureless adrenalectomy has not been completely established. We report on a complicated 74-year-old male who underwent signif...