We present analysis and modeling of X-ray spectra from the blast wave shock of DEM L71 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. This remnant exhibits widespread Balmer-dominated emission characteristic of nonradiative shocks in partially neutral gas. We have used both Chandra ACISS data and optical Fabry-Perot spectra of the blast wave to measure the electron and proton temperatures, respectively. In pri...

BACKGROUND Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy is an effective treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis that can be administered to outpatients without anesthesia but has not yet been evaluated in controlled trials. HYPOTHESIS There is no difference in effectiveness between radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy and placebo in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. STUDY DESIGN R...

We construct exact, entropy satisfying shock wave solutions of the Einstein equations for a perfect fluid which extend the OppeheimerSnyder (OS) model to the case of non-zero pressure, inside the Black Hole. These solutions put forth a new Cosmological Model in which the expanding Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe emerges from the Big Bang with a shock wave at the leading edge of the ex...

Introduction. Knowledge of the dynamic response of planetary minerals such as H2O ice is required to model and interpret mutual collisions and impact craters. The Hugoniot of H2O ice describes the dynamic strength and possible shock-compressed states, which determine the mechanical and thermodynamic work done during an impact event. Previous studies [1, and references within] of the shock prope...

PURPOSE We aimed to compare the effects of a fast shock wave rate (120 shocks per minute) and a slow shock wave rate (60 shocks per minute) on the shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) success rate, patient's pain tolerance, and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 165 patients with radiopaque renal pelvis or upper ureter stones were included in the study. Patients were classified by use of...

Highly-porous samples of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) aerogel were compressed from initial densities of 0.1, 0.15 and 0.25 g/cm by shock-waves with strengths between 0.3 and 3 Mbar. The compressed material was between 5 and 15 times as dense as the pre-compressed aerogels with temperatures of about 5 eV (58,000 °K). These strong shock-wave loadings were produced by the OMEGA laser system at the L...

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a quantum fluid that gives rise to interesting shock wave nonlinear dynamics. Experiments depict a BEC that exhibits behavior similar to that of a shock wave in a compressible gas, eg. traveling fronts with steep gradients. However, the governing Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation that describes the mean field of a BEC admits no dissipation hence classical dissip...

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) is a noninvasive treatment for a variety of musculoskeletal ailments. A shock wave is generated in water and then focused using an acoustic lens or reflector so the energy of the wave is concentrated in a small treatment region where mechanical stimulation enhances healing. In this work we have computationally investigated shock wave propagation in ESWT ...

A simplified model of particle transport at a quasiparallel one-dimensional collisionless shock is suggested. In this model the MHD-turbulence behind the shock is dominated by a circularly polarized, large amplitude Alfvén wave originated upstream from the turbulence excited by particles leaking from the downstream medium. It is argued that such a wave having significantly increased its magneti...

The generation of an extreme water state 130 GPa, 5000 K, and 3.4 g /cm3 which is characterized as dense plasma at the axis of a converging shock wave is reported. A 4 kJ pulse generator was used to explode a 40 Cu-wire array, generating a cylindrical shock wave. The measured shock wave trajectory and energy deposited into the water flow were used in hydrodynamic simulations coupled with the eq...