A load flow and short circuit fault simulation of AC electrified railway distribution systems is presented with DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. Load flow of electrified railways distribution system with concerning multi train lines and dynamic characteristics of train load is studied for different time laps. The dynamic characteristics of train load in starting and braking conditions with diff...

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging and promising technology that provides significant improvements over CMOS. Recently QCA has been advocated as an applicant for implementing reversible circuits. However QCA, like other Nanotechnologies, suffers from a high fault rate. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a fault tolerant model of QCA circuits by redundancy in hardware a...

When a short-circuit fault occurs in phase, the faulty phase needs to be removed artificially from system because of loss capability generate torque. In this case, both current and phase-loss would additional torque ripples. study, novel fault-tolerant control strategy is introduced achieve low ripple operation five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors with trapezoidal back electromotive f...

Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous second messenger produced in cells in response to extracellular stimulants. The aim of this study was to examine its role in the regulation of amiloride-sensitive electrogenic Na(+) absorption in the rat distal colon by measuring the short-circuit current (I(sc)) and (22)Na(+) fluxes in a chamber-mounted mucosal sheet. Forskolin stimulated the amiloride-inhibitable I(...

Switched-capacitor (SC) circuits are analog discretetime signal processing circuits. At the front-end of these circuits, the continuous-time input signal has to be transformed into a discrete-time version. In order to optimize the settling speed of the SC circuit by creating step-input settling responses, the input interface circuit has to transform the continuous-time input signal into a unifo...

The Calu-3 cell line is being investigated as a model for human submucosal gland serous cells. In a previous investigation of basal short-circuit current ( I sc) in Calu-3 cells, high levels of bumetanide-insensitive basal I sc (∼60 μA/cm2) were measured in cells grown at an air interface. Basal I sc was reduced only 7% by bumetanide, and the largest component of basal I sc required both Cl- an...

Experiments were conducted to determine whether the Cl- secretagogue, 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone (EBIO), stimulates Cl- transport in the rabbit conjunctival epithelium. For this study, epithelia were isolated in an Ussing-type chamber under short-circuit conditions. The effects of EBIO on the short-circuit current (I(sc)) and transepithelial resistance (R(t)) were measured under physiological ...

This paper discusses the important role of fault grouping in a parallel 32-bit fault simulator such as PROOFS. Three algorithms are presented which dynamically order the fault list during fault simulation to determine how the faults get grouped together. The dynamic fault grouping algorithms were incorporated into PROOFS and tested on benchmark circuits. The algorithms showed a marked reduction...