Electricity is cited as one of the biggest impediments to firm growth in developing countries. In the World Bank Enterprise Survey (2006), 35.2% of Indian firms list electricity as the single biggest obstacle to business and report that power outages result in losses equivalent to 6.6% of annual sales. However, some businesses can adjust their means of production to cope with electricity shorta...

The year 2012 was perceived by many stakeholders as the worst ever with respect to drug shortages in Canada. Following receipt of a warning letter 1 from the US Food and Drug Administration in November 2011, Novartis International AG, on behalf of its Canadian operations at Sandoz Canada, issued a customer letter 2 in mid-February 2012 indicating that the company's production capacity would be ...

The Governor’s Proclamation of a Continued State of Emergency, issued on April 25, 2014, suspends the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (Public Resources Code 21000 and following) for all actions taken by local agencies that are identified by the State Water Resources Control Board as vulnerable to acute drinking water shortages and that are necessary to implement solutions to such sh...

In an era of bacterial resistance, recently highlighted by the WHO global report on surveillance (1), choosing the best antimicrobial agent is more complex than ever. Prescribing the appropriate antimicrobial agent no longer involves simply selecting an empirical or definitive agent that will appropriately target the causative pathogens for a given patient; it also involves choosing the best ag...

Abstract: This paper explores a Mathematical model for obtaining the minimum total cost of Multi-items with Mult-objectives in a Fuzzy Environment. The paper incorporates four constraints such as warehouse space and the constraint, investment amount constraint, percentage of utilization of volume of the ware house space and the shortage level constraint by allowing shortages. The previous resea...

In the Case Report "Early Controlled Motion Following Flexor Tendon Graft" (July 1988), the authors gave an excellent overview of the physio­ logical rationale for early controlled motion. I must express my concern, however, at their conclusion as stated: "The good functional results achieved suggest that a rehabilitation regimen consisting of the palmar pulley sys­ tem, a PIP joint block, and ...

The world has a shortage of financial assets. Asset supply is having a hard time keeping up with the global demand for store of value and collateral by households, corporations, governments, insurance companies, and financial intermediaries more broadly. These shortages have been a perennial problem in emerging markets, where many of their economic perils and idiosyncrasies stem from this featu...

In this note I review evidence suggesting that shortages of small change occurred in the territory of Argentina during the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries. For the colonial period (until 1810) the main pieces of evidence are: (i) the widespread use of informal means of payment, (ii) the difficulties faced in retiring from circulation low quality subsidiary co...