A synergistic algorithm for producing global leaf area index and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation fields from canopy reflectance data measured by MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) and MISR (multiangle imaging spectroradiometer) instruments aboard the EOS-AM 1 platform is described here. The proposed algorithm is based on a three-dimensional formulatio...

[1] A 94-year time series of annual glacier melt at four high elevation sites in the European Alps is used to investigate the effect of global dimming and brightening of solar radiation on glacier mass balance. Snow and ice melt was stronger in the 1940s than in recent years, in spite of significantly higher air temperatures in the present decade. An inner Alpine radiation record shows that in ...

Meteorological variables (e.g., air temperature (T2), radiation flux, and precipitation) determine the evolution of glacier mass characteristics. Observations these are not available with adequate spatial coverage spatiotemporal resolution over Tibetan Plateau. Albedo is key factor net determined by land cover snow-related variables. This study focuses on evaluating performance albedo parameter...

This paper presents two new modeling components based on the object modeling system v3 (OMS3) for the calculation of the shortwave incident radiation (Rsw ↓) on complex topography settings, and the implementation of several ancillary tools. The first component, NewAGE-SwRB, accounts for elevation slope, aspect, shadow of the sites, and uses suitable parameterization for obtaining the cloudless ...

It has been widely accepted that diurnal temperature range (DTR) decreased on a global scale during the second half of the twentieth century. Here we show however, that the long-term trend of annual DTR has reversed from a decrease to an increase during the 1970s in Western Eu-rope and during the 1980s in Eastern Europe. The analysis is based on the high-quality dataset of the European Climate ...

Lack of calibrated radiation measurements at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) between major spaceborne radiation missions entails inference of the TOA radiation budget from operational weather sensors. The inferred data are subject to uncertainties due to calibration, narrowto broadband conversion, etc. In this study, a surrogate TOA earth radiation budget product generated from GOES-7 (Geostati...

A new snow scheme for the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) land surface model has been tested and validated. The scheme includes a new parameterization of snow density, incorporating a liquid water reservoir, and revised formulations for the subgrid snow cover fraction and snow albedo. Offline validation (covering a wide range of spatial and temporal scales) includes s...

The upper Pacific Ocean current and temperature have been simulated by a 3-dimensional ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with two different vertical mixing schemes. One corresponds to the modified Richardson number dependent scheme of Pacanowski and Philander (PP, 1981); the other is adapted from the newly developed K-Profile Parameterization (KPP) scheme (Large et al., 1994). Both schemes...