Round-leaf sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.), family Droseraceae, genus Drosera, is one of a few plant species with a strong antifungal potential. Chitinases of carnivorous plants play an important role in decomposition of chitin-containing cell structures of insect prey. The cell wall of many phytopathogenic fungi also contains chitin, which can be utilized by chitinases, thus round-leaf sundew...

Given a locally finite graded set A and a commutative, associative operation on A that adds degrees, we construct a commutative multiplication ∗ on the set of noncommutative polynomials in A which we call a quasi-shuffle product; it can be viewed as a generalization of the shuffle product x. We extend this commutative algebra structure to a Hopf algebra (A, ∗,∆); in the case where A is the set ...

In this paper, the effectiveness of the neighborhood crossover of EMO algorithms is discussed through the numerical experiments. The neighborhood crossover chooses two parents which are close to each other in the objective space. All the individuals are sorted in order of proximity in the objective space, and then neighborhood shuffle is conducted, which randomly replaces individuals in the pop...

One of the performance limitations of clusters is their message passing capability, while complete exchange is known to be the severest communication pattern on all types of message passing machines. In this paper, we focus on the practical issues of designing high-speed complete exchange algorithms on a commodity cluster interconnected by a non-blocking crossbar switch. Four complete exchange ...

Shuffle grouping is a technique used by stream processing frameworks to share input load among parallel instances of stateless operators. With shuffle grouping each tuple of a stream can be assigned to any available operator instance, independently from any previous assignment. A common approach to implement shuffle grouping is to adopt a RoundRobin policy, a simple solution that fares well as ...

Bacteriophage T7 is unable to productively infect Escherichia coli strains carrying the sex factor F. T7 phage development, in terms of RNA and protein synthesis, was compared in T7-infected isogenic F- and F+ strains of E. coli. Slightly less T7 early mRNA and early protein were synthesized in F+ cells. In addition to the defect in T7 late protein production in F+ cells reported by others, sig...

T7 early mRNA produced by a gene 1 amber mutant phage, T7 am27, is chemically stable interms of acid insolubility and T7 DNA hybridizability. However, the messenger activity of individual T7 early mRNA species, transcripts of gene 1, gene 0.7, and gene 1.3, decay with a half-life of about 6.5 min at 30 C. An extensive secondary structure is present in all T7 early mRNA species and is probably r...

The entire T7 bacteriophage genome contains 39937 base pairs (Database NCBI RefSeq N1001604). Here, electrostatic potential distribution around double helical T7 DNA was calculated by Coulomb method using the computer program of Sorokin A.A. ([email protected]). Electrostatic profiles of 17 promoters recognized by T7 phage-specific RNA polymerase were analyzed. It was shown that electrostatic p...

During compilation of a program, register allocation is the task of mapping program variables to machine registers. During register allocation, the compiler may introduce shuffle code, consisting of copy and swap operations, that transfers data between the registers. Three common sources of shuffle code are conflicting register mappings at joins in the control flow of the program, e.g, due to i...

We consider large-N multi-matrix models whose action closely mimics that of Yang–Mills theory, including gauge-fixing and ghost terms. We show that the factorized Schwinger–Dyson loop equations, expressed in terms of the generating series of gluon and ghost correlations G(ξ), are quadratic equations S G = GξG in concatenation of correlations. The Schwinger–Dyson operator S i is built from the l...