To examine individual differences in adults' sensitivity to facial expressions, we used a novel method that has proved revealing in studies of developmental change. Using static faces morphed to show different intensities of facial expressions, we calculated two measures: (1) the threshold to detect that a low intensity facial expression is different from neutral, and (2) accuracy in recognizin...

The present longitudinal study investigated cascade effects linking the longitudinal trajectories of shyness and aggressiveness between age 4 and 23 and individual differences in this longitudinal relationship. Results demonstrated that there were cascade effects from shyness to adjacent measures of aggressiveness at three moments in time, and that the dynamics of these relationships changed ov...

The nature of the relationship between shyness and social phobia can be clarified by assessing rates of social phobia in highly shy and normative samples. In the present study, 2202 participants were screened and categorized on a shyness scale as highly shy (90th percentile) or "normatively" shy (40-60th percentile). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Structured Clinical I...

This study examined relations among expressions of state shyness, Theory Mind (ToM), and resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in 78 typically developing four-year-old children (Mage = 54.59 months; 41 females). Expressions positive non-positive shyness were coded from direct observations during a self-presentation task, ToM was assessed with validated vignette tasks, RSA data collected wh...

Past human persecution of wildlife has acted as a major selection agent shaping many animal features including behaviour. A component behaviour with diverse consequences for conservation is the shyness/boldness continuum. Shyer individuals are often geographically restricted, less prone to wander out their ecological refuges but, on contrary, likely experience human-induced mortality and lead h...

Blushing has adaptive social functions. However, blushing is also assumed to be a hallmark of social anxiety and shyness. For the first time, blushing and its relation to the expressions of shyness and social anxiety was examined in early childhood. Four-and-a-half-year-old children (N = 102) were asked to perform (singing in front of an audience) and watched back their performance in the prese...

Corresponding author: Shahrum Vahedi, PhD Assistant professor of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz. 22 Bahman Ave., Tabriz, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0411-3392090 Objective: The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBS) using confirmatory factor analysi...

Article history: Received 19 October 2015 Received in revised form 14 March 2016 Accepted 18 March 2016 Available online xxxx While the psychosocial difficulties associated with one specific type of social withdrawal, shyness, have been extensively studied, less is known about the correlates of other subtypes, such as preference-for-solitude. Of the existing studies on withdrawal subtypes, few ...