Younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; high-risk siblings) exhibit lower levels of initiating joint attention (IJA; sharing an object or experience with a social partner through gaze and/or gesture) than low-risk siblings of children without ASD. However, high-risk siblings also exhibit substantial variability in this domain. The neurotransmitter dopamine is linked to ...

OBJECTIVES Genealogies contain information on the prevalence of different sibling types that result from past reproductive behavior. Full sibling sets stem from stable monogamy, paternal half siblings primarily indicate male reproductive skew, and maternal half siblings reflect unstable pair bonds. METHODS Full and half sibling types are calculated for a total of 61,181 siblings from publishe...

In order to determine whether there is a genetic component to hip or knee joint failure due to idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA), we invited patients (probands) undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty for management of idiopathic OA to provide detailed family histories regarding the prevalence of idiopathic OA requiring joint replacement in their siblings. We also invited their spouses to provide deta...

AIMS Familial risks for coronary heart disease (CHD) in families with multiple affected siblings have not been thoroughly studied. This nationwide cohort study aimed to determine familial risks for hospitalization or death due to CHD in families with multiple affected siblings. METHODS AND RESULTS The study is a nationwide follow-up study. The Swedish Multigeneration Register data on 0-76-yea...

Marriage in many traditional societies often concerns the institutionalized exchange of reproductive partners among groups of kin. Such exchanges most often involve cross-cousins-marriage with the child of a parent's opposite-sex sibling-but it is unclear who benefits from these exchanges. Here we analyze the fitness consequences of marrying relatives among the Yanomamö from the Amazon. When in...

The aims of our analysis were to obtain the empirical risk estimates for type 1 diabetes in the siblings of a Finnish population-based cohort of childhood-onset diabetic patients and search for demographic and other factors predicting the risk of type 1 diabetes in siblings. We defined the diabetes status of all siblings of all probands who are included in the nationwide register of Finnish cas...

PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the experiences of Dutch siblings of children with physical disabilities (n=43). METHOD Interviews were conducted to investigate experiences of siblings in 3 areas: the sibling relationship, the relationship with parents, and the relationship with others. The siblings also completed a coping response inventory. RESULTS The siblings reported difficulti...

In altricial birds, siblings raised within a nest usually leave the nest within hours of each other, despite often differing considerably in age. The youngest members of the brood are typically underdeveloped at this time and less likely than their older siblings to survive outside the nest, yet they risk abandonment if they do not fledge with their older siblings. Nest leaving is usually initi...

The current research aimed to explore, understand and describe the subjective experiences of synesthesia among six self-reported synesthete siblings. For this purpose, we conducted one quantitative qualitative study. first study measure whether siblings actually had experiences. Six their eighteen non-synesthete peers participated in Study 1. First, participants filled out Eagleman Synesthesia ...

Abstract It has been argued that an increase in the number of siblings means there are fewer parental investments made per child (resource dilution hypothesis). Yet, these studies mostly based on biological two-parent families which it can be assumed resources distributed more or less equally across siblings. This assumption does not hold complex family structure a stepfamily where all biologic...