Abstract Outsourcing the management of ninety-three randomly-selected government primary schools in Liberia to eight private operators led learning gains 0.18$\sigma$ after one year, but these effects plateaued subsequent years (reaching 0.2$\sigma$ three years). Beyond gains, programme reduced corporal punishment (by 4.6 percentage points from a base 51%), increased dropout 3.3 15%) and failed...

Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean locally compact field‎. ‎Let $sigma$ and $tau$ be finite-dimensional representations of the Weil-Deligne group of $F$‎. ‎We give strong upper and lower bounds for the Artin and Swan exponents of $sigmaotimestau$ in terms of those of $sigma$ and $tau$‎. ‎We give a different lower bound in terms of $sigmaotimeschecksigma$ and $tauotimeschecktau$‎. ‎Using the Langlands...

The specificity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase for target promotes is largely due to the replaceable sigma subunit that it carries. Multiple sigma proteins, each conferring a unique promoter preference on RNA polymerase, are likely to be present in all bacteria; however, their abundance and diversity have been best characterized in Bacillus subtilis, the bacterium in which multiple sigma facto...

The main purpose of this article is to offer some characterizations of $delta$-double derivations on rings and algebras. To reach this goal, we prove the following theorem:Let $n > 1$ be an integer and let $mathcal{R}$ be an $n!$-torsion free ring with the identity element $1$. Suppose that there exist two additive mappings $d,delta:Rto R$ such that $$d(x^n) =Sigma^n_{j=1} x^{n-j}d(x)x^{j-1}+Si...

in the present paper a solution of the generalizedquadratic functional equation$$f(kx+ y)+f(kx+sigma(y))=2k^{2}f(x)+2f(y),phantom{+} x,yin{e}$$ isgiven where $sigma$ is an involution of the normed space $e$ and$k$ is a fixed positive integer. furthermore we investigate thehyers-ulam-rassias stability of the functional equation. thehyers-ulam stability on unbounded domains is also studied.applic...

let $gamma$ be a normal subgroup of the full automorphism group $aut(g)$ of a group $g$‎, ‎and assume that $inn(g)leq gamma$‎. ‎an endomorphism $sigma$ of $g$ is said to be {it $gamma$-central} if $sigma$ induces the the identity on the factor group $g/c_g(gamma)$‎. ‎clearly‎, ‎if $gamma=inn(g)$‎, ‎then a $gamma$-central endomorphism is a {it central} endomorphism‎. ‎in this article the conditi...

Gene expression in members of the family Bacillaceae becomes compartmentalized after the distinctive, asymmetrically located sporulation division. It involves complete compartmentalization of the activities of sporulation-specific sigma factors, sigma(F) in the prespore and then sigma(E) in the mother cell, and then later, following engulfment, sigma(G) in the prespore and then sigma(K) in the ...

The Bacillus subtilis gene pgsA, which codes for the phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase that catalyzes the committed step for the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), is essential since Pspac-pgsA cells require IPTG for growth. Removal of the inducer caused a dramatic decrease of PG content in the membranes of cells and retarded growth. At 60 min and 120 min after removal, it was reduced ...

abstract background: today, the rate of surgeries is increasing, but surgeries are canceled due to various reasons. unexpected cancellation of surgeries not only results in disorder in the operating room schedule, but also causes stress for patients and their family and increases costs. we determined the number and causes of surgery cancellations and areas for improvement. materials and methods...