The involvement of the Notch signaling pathway in the cellular differentiation of the mammalian kidney is established. Recently, the dysregulation of Notch signaling molecules has been identified in acute and chronic renal injuries, fibrosis models, and diabetic kidney biopsies. The canonical Notch ligand , Jagged1, is upregulated in a transforming growth factor-beta- (TGF- β -) dependent manne...

This mechanism, called cell signaling, allows cell-cell communication and is necessary for the functional regulation and integration of multicellular organisms. Our discussion in this chapter not only provides the basis for understanding normal cell function but serves also as an introduction to the role of abnormal cell signaling in human disease. Signaling molecules are either secreted or exp...

articular cartilage, the load-bearing tissue of the joint, has limited repair and regeneration ability. the scarcity of treatment modalities for large chondral defects has motivated researchers to engineer cartilage tissue constructs that can meet the functional demands of this tissue in vivo. cartilage tissue engineering requires 3 components: cells, scaffold, and environment. owning to their ...

the plant-pathogen interaction is a multifactor process that may lead to resistance or susceptible responses of plant to pathogens. during the arms race between plant and pathogens, various biochemical, molecular and physiological events are triggered in plant cells such as ros signaling, hormone activation and gene expression reprogramming. in plants, micrornas (mirnas) are key post-transcript...

The formation of skin appendages represents a morphogenetic process through which a homogeneous system is converted into a patterned system. We have pursued molecules involved in the early placode induction and mesenchymal condensation stages of this process. We found that intracellular and extracellular signaling molecules collaborate to position the location of feather primordia and initiate ...

This study assessed differential gene expression of signaling molecules involved in osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) subjected to different titanium (Ti) surface types. PDLSCs were cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), and four types of Ti discs (PT, SLA, hydrophilic PT (pmodPT), and hydrophilic SLA (modSLA)) with no osteoinductive factor and then ...

Introduction: Malignant salivary gland tumors are rare entities. Despite advances in surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, the rate of the mortality and five-year survival has not been improved markedly over the last few decades. The activation of EGFR- RAS-RAF signaling pathway contributes to the initiation and progression of many human cancers, promising a key pathway for therapeutic m...

The plant-pathogen interaction is a multifactor process that may lead to resistance or susceptible responses of plant to pathogens. During the arms race between plant and pathogens, various biochemical, molecular and physiological events are triggered in plant cells such as ROS signaling, hormone activation and gene expression reprogramming. In plants, microRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcript...

OBJECTIVE Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent alkylating agent that can induce severe cutaneous injury. Though much is known regarding the gross pathology of SM injury, the molecular and cellular basis for this pathology is not well understood. General cellular processes such as inflammation, DNA damage response, and apoptosis have been hypothesized to be involved in SM injury. However, the specifi...