Finite groups are of the greatest importance in science. Loops are a simple generalization of finite groups: they share all the group axioms except for the requirement that the binary operation be associative. The least loops that are not themselves groups are those of order five. We offer a brief discussion of these loops and challenge the reader (especially Holger) to find useful applications...

Many information hiding techniques have recently been analyzed as they could help manage part of the digital rights. Among the general framework of information hiding, the focus has been put on steganography and on watermarking techniques. This paper proposes an entropy based technique for data embedding in images with a specific target, sometimes referred to as feature location: inclusion of a...

SF functions in contemporary life as a form of myth creation. Myth has a gnoseological function for archaic societies; it creates a whole world-picture by complementing accumulated empirical knowledge with analogies drawn from familiar experience. Thus world-models are structurally similar to myths, combining cognition and fiction. All writing that explains scientific knowledge at the level of ...

In image steganography, a pixel can carry secret bits by choosing adding/subtracting one to/from the gray value. This kind of “ 1 steganography” can hide a longer message than simple LSB embedding. We propose a double-layered embedding method for implementing “ 1 steganography,” in which binary covering codes and wet paper codes are used to hide messages in the LSB plane and the second LSB plan...

This paper introduces a new, principled approach to detecting LSB steganography in digital signals such as images and audio. It is shown that the length of hidden message embedded in the least significant bits of signal samples can be estimated with relatively high precision. The new steganalytic approach is based on some statistical measures of sample pairs that are highly sensitive to LSB emb...

Objectives This study aimed to explore dimensions in addition to the 5 dimensions of the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L) that could satisfactorily explain variation in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the general population of South Korea. Methods Domains related to HRQoL were searched through a review of existing HRQoL instruments. Among the 28 potential dimensions, the 5 dimension...

Results A significant drop in ankle pressure of 5.02 mmHg occurred between 5 and 10 minutes (p<0.05) however no significant change occurred between 10 and 15 minutes (mean change 0.15 mmHg, p=0.99). Presence of diabetes was associated with a smaller drop between 5 and 15 minutes (mean change 1.85 mmHg) and predicted 14% of the variance in change in ankle pressure (beta=-3.72, p>0.05). Test-rete...

Let F be a number field with discriminant ∆F . Denote its (normalized) absolute values by SF , and write SF = Sfin · ∪ S∞, where S∞ denotes the collection of all archimedean valuations. For simplicity, we use v (resp. σ) to denote elements in Sfin (resp. S∞). Denote by A = AF the ring of adeles of F , by Glr(A) the rank r general linear group over A, and write A := Afin ⊕A∞ and GLr(A) := GLr(A)...

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