Tradescantia 4430 clone stamen hair mutation (Trad-SHM) bioassay was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of a herbicide composed of triazines (atrazine and simazine) after in situ exposure. Thirty plant pots were exposed during the herbicide application (test group) and a control group was maintained in a greenhouse (control group). Genotoxicity was expressed in terms of pink mutation events (EMP...

The decrease of the number of ring nitrogen atoms of 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3,5-triazines on herbicidal activity and inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) was assayed using thylakoids from Spinacia oleracea or atrazine-resistant Chenopodium album. Three 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3,5-triazines, nine pyrimidines with a benzylamino-, methyl- and...

BACKGROUND The State of California maintains a comprehensive Pesticide Use Reporting Database (CPUR). The California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) maps all crops in agricultural counties in California about once every 5 years. OBJECTIVE We integrated crop maps with CPUR to more accurately locate where pesticides are applied and evaluated the effects for exposure assessment. METHODS W...

In the title molecular salt, C(7)H(14)N(5)O(+)·Cl(-) (the HCl salt of the oxo derivative of the triazine herbicide simazine), the cation and anion are linked by N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. The chloride ion is also involved in a close electrostatic inter-action with an inversion-related triazine ring [Cl⋯centroid distance = 3.201 (1) Å]. A π-π inter-action having a centroid⋯centroid distance of 3.456...

Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States, is a national priority. Documentation of progress of this restoration effort is needed. A study was conducted to examine water quality in the Choptank River estuary, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay that since 1998 has been classified as impaired waters under the Federal Clean Water Act. Multiple water quality paramet...

We studied the growth and capacities for pesticides removal of bacterial strains isolated from the Laguna Grande, an oligotrophic lake at the South of Spain (Archidona, Málaga). Strains were isolated from water samples amended with 10 and 50 microg/ml of nine pesticides: organochlorinated insecticides (aldrin and lindane), organophosphorous insecticides (dimetoate, methyl-parathion and methidat...

A new multi-residue method using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry electron ionization selective ion monitoring mode (SIM) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eight 1,3,5-triazine herbicides such as 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (atrazine), ametryn, prometryn, propazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, and simazine simetryn in water soil samples. Quantification is done lindane (...

The toxicity of 7 herbicides to the three cyanobacteria was tested in this work. The results indicated that: (1) There was a highly significant relationship between dried weight or chlorophyll-a and OD680nm for tested cyanobacteria; (2) the toxicity of the tested herbicides with the order from high to low was: photosynthesis-inhibiting > ACCase inhibitor > protox inhibiting herbicides; (3) the ...