A new coordinate system is proposed for the purposes of analysis far-field radiation from a localized source at origin. The stereographic coordinates exhibit no singularities over hemisphere, making them good choice automated pattern analysis. Finally, it shown that Ludwig polarization basis, commonly used to represent radiation, arises naturally, as basis when one uses coordinates.

There are many different models—both continuous and discrete— used to describe gene mutation fixation. In particular, the Moran process, the Kimura equation and the replicator dynamics are all well known models, that might lead to different conclusions. We present a discussion of a unified framework to embrace all these models, in the large population regime.