A fire breaks out on a graph and f firefighters protect f vertices. At each subsequent time step the fire spreads to all adjacent unprotected vertices and firefighters protect f unburned (and unprotected) vertices. On the strong grid, three firefighters cannot restrict the fire to one quadrant, but four firefighters suffice to contain the fire. Further, if the strong grid goes unprotected to ti...

Dispatching firefighting resources effectively plays a vital role in wildfire management. To control the fire timely manner, should be dispatched an effective and reasonable way. Moreover, relationship between various resource-dispatching processes intuitive for firefighters to make decisions. In this paper, we propose novel event-response tree-based model dispatch different kinds of based on s...

under the smart grid environments, demand response resources (drrs) as power system resources can effectively participate in and improve performance of electric systems. congestion management is one of the technical challenges in which drrs can play a significant role. previously, congestion management is applied without considering the power system uncertainties. therefore, a stochastic conges...

The underground space in the Starting Area Guangzhou International Financial City is being developed to save resources and improve land benefits. However, high-density development has increased likelihood of fires. Therefore, PyroSim Pathfinder were used this study investigate fire smoke flow personnel evacuation Area. Firstly, 2D temperature cloud map visibility recorded by sensor A over time ...

The definition of hazard area, centered inside the LNG stations, is essential for risk assessment in LNG industry. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been conducted for the two main LNG hazards, LNG flammable vapor dispersion and LNG pool fire radiation, to determine the hazard exclusion area. The spatial and temporal distribution of hazard in complex spill scena...

Remotely piloted aircraft (RPAs) provide highly effective capabilities – long loiter time, detailed sensing from great distance and an expendable platform. RPAs actively support military operations, homeland defense, firefighting, search and rescue operations, geophysical surveys, and commercial surveillance. Research is ongoing to maximize the utilization of existing assets in current and futu...

While various ambient computing and intelligence techniques have been used to assist human beings in different aspects of their daily lives and work, this paper investigates potential ambient intelligence support in mission-critical scenarios such as firefighting. The paper reviews state-of-the-art ubiquitous techniques and tools assisting firefighting. Based upon these great research results, ...

Firefighting is dangerous work. Each year, approximately 80,000 firefighters are injured and about 100 firefighters lose their lives in the line of duty. Firefighters face multiple dangers in the course of their work; they encounter toxic fumes, dangerous products of combustion, high radiant heat loads, and a chaotic work environment. Despite the myriad dangers, the leading cause of line-of-dut...