The extraembryonic membranes [5] that surround and originate from the embryos of vertebrates such as birds [6], reptiles, and mammals are crucial to their development. They are integral to increasing the surface area of the uterus [7], forming the chorion [8] (which in turn produces the placenta [9]) and the amnion [10], respectively. The amnion [10] will ultimately surround the embryo in a flu...

Hans Asperger studied mental abnormalities in children in Vienna, Austria, in the early twentieth century. Asperger was one of the early researchers who studied the syndrome that was later named after him, Asperger's Syndrome. Asperger described the syndrome in his 1944 publication Die Autistischen Psychopathen im Kindesalter (Autistic Psychopathy in Childhood). At that time, the syndrome was c...

The solar contribution to global mean air surface temperature change is analyzed by using an empirical bi-scale climate model characterized by both fast and slow characteristic time responses to solar forcing: t1 1⁄4 0:470:1yr and t2 1⁄4 872yr or t2 1⁄4 1273yr. Since 1980 the solar contribution to climate change is uncertain because of the severe uncertainty of the total solar irradiance satell...

In the United States since 1980, the birth rate in women aged > 35 years has increased by nearly 60%, whereas the birth rate for women aged 20 to 34 years has increased by only 10%. The trend in parenthood at an older age has also been seen in men. Since 1980, the fertility rate for men in their 30s has increased by 21% and for men aged 40 years and older, the rate has increased nearly 30%. In ...

Monitoring of permafrost has been ongoing since 1978 in the Abisko area, northernmost Sweden, when measurements of active layer thickness started. In 1980, boreholes were drilled in three mires in the area to record permafrost temperatures. Recordings were made twice per year, and the last data were obtained in 2002. During the International Polar Year (2007-2008), new boreholes were drilled wi...

STUDY AREA The 18 May 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens formed a complex pattern of new and denuded land (Dale et al. 2005). This extraordinary landscape beckoned irresistibly to ecologists to study reassembly (Fig. 1). This report draws on studies conducted by myself and colleagues since 1980. Methods are in the references. Vegetation structure was monitored in transects of permanent plots: 1...

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has been involved in the field of machine translation (MT) since 1976. Its Spanish-English machine translation system (SPANAM) became operational in 1980. The SPANAM system is described in Tucker, Vasconcellos, and León (1980) and Vasconcellos (in press). In 1982, work began on the development of the counterpart EnglishSpanish system (ENGSPAN). An exp...