Because it is a well differentiated and common form of mental defect, mongolism has been exhaustively studied. Most of the studies, however, have been directed at the possible aetiology of this condition. This paper is not concerned with aetiological problems but is a discussion of two purely physical findings in mongol boys, height and skeletal age. Some findings in adult male mongols have bee...

Abstract The Song dynasty established a standing naval force, which was ignored by some historians since lost its defensive wars to the Jin and Mongol forces. This article examines improvements innovations of Chinese operations during pays particular attention how state economic reforms state-centered financial system supported development. Song’s population growth demographic changes also prov...

Political history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 The imperial structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 The social and economic framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 High culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 State and religion . ...

ABSTRACT In the thirteenth century AD, city of Karakorum was founded as capital Mongol Empire. Relatively little archaeological attention, however, has been directed at site and phenomenon steppe urbanism. The authors report new magnetic topographic surveys walled surrounding landscape. resulting maps reveal in unprecedented detail. Combining topographical data with aerial photographs, pedestri...