evidence acquisition a systematic literature searching of databases medline, embase, and google scholar was done from 1982 and updated in december 2015. search terms were “cholecystectomy”, “laparoscopic cholecystectomy”, “four port laparoscopic cholecystectomy”, “single-incision laparoscopic surgery”. context laparoscopic approach with its several techniques has become the standard method for ...

Dynamic networks, e.g. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), call for self-healing routing protocols to tolerate topological changes imposed by node mobility. Moreover, emerging time-critical MANET applications such as disaster response and rescue, and battlefield operations, require support for real-time, reliable data streaming, while maintaining energy efficiency. However, most of the energy-effi...

WLAN has become an essential part of our today’s life. The advancement of CMOS technology let the researchers contribute low power, size and cost effective WLAN devices. This paper proposes a single pole double through transmit/receive (T/R) switch for WLAN applications in 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The proposed switch exhibit 1.36 dB insertion loss, 25.3 dB isolation and 24.3 dBm power handling ...

this study investigated the effect of sowing date and limited water allocation management for single irrigation on the grain yield of rainfed barley. the experiment was a split-split plot arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications from 2004 to 2006 at the main station of the dryland agricultural research institute at maragheh. the treatments comprised three sowing da...

The measurement of oil slick thickness, although at an early stage, has immense applications in determining the extent and quantity crude accidentally discharged oceans. In this work, we present design, development sensors switching circuit that were integrated to form a novel microwave spill sensor for determination thickness. We used four ultra-wideband polydimethylsiloxane encapsulated anten...

in this paper the control algorithm for controlled civil structures subjected to earthquake excitation is thoroughly investigated. the objective of this work is the control of structures by means of the pole placement algorithm, in order to improve their response against earthquake actions. successful application of the algorithm requires judicious placement of the closed-loop eigenvalues from ...