Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and also in Iran. Understanding bladder epidemiology great value for policymakers assists prevention early detection disease. Objectives: The aim present study was to report national subnational incidence trends Iran between 2003 2015. Methods: This investigated age-standardized rates (ASIRs) per annum from 2015 using data r...

a comparative survey on effects of face to face and distanced short term training courses on staff’s psychological empowerment nastiezaie n* , hezare mogadam m received: 16 july, 2010 accepted: 25 oct, 2010 abstract background & aims: any organization tries to revitalize its staff by preparing face to face and distanced short term training courses. thus, the present study aimed to compare the e...

Anaplasmosis, a disease caused by various species of Anaplasma, poses important economic constraints to animal breeders. Ehrlichiosis is a worldwide zoonosis illness and mostly occurs in tropical and subtropical regions that are close to the vector’s distribution. Tick-borne pathogens lead to over 100,000 cases of illness in the world each year. Besides the costs of the additional veterinary ca...

The goal of this study was to establish local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) for conventional radiography examinations in Sistan-Baluchestan province of Iran, using dose area product (DAP) measurements followed by a comparison with international dose levels. DAP factor evaluation was carried out at eight radiography rooms in six public and one private health-care centers. The study employe...

BACKGROUND One of the methods used in the analysis of data related to diseases, and their underlying reasons is drawing geographical map. Mapping diseases is a valuable tool to determine the regions of high rate of infliction requiring therapeutic interventions. The objective of this study was to investigate obesity pattern in Iran by drawing geographical maps based on Bayesian spatial model to...

Zoonotic diseases can be occupational hazards to people who work in close contact with animals or their carcasses. In this cross-sectional study, 190 sera were collected from butchers and slaughterhouse workers in different regions of the Sistan va Baluchestan province, in Iran in 2011. A questionnaire was filled for each participant to document personal and behavioural information. The sera we...

The geographical distribution and ecological preferences of Haemaphysalis in domestic animals in Iran were studied 4 times a year from April 2003 to March 2005. A total of 1,622 ixodid tick specimens were collected from 3 different zones. Among them, 108 (6.7%) Haemaphysalis ticks, consisting of 6 species, were identified; H. punctata (3.4%), H. parva (0.5%), H. sulcata (0.6%), H. choldokovskyi...

BACKGROUND Anopheles fluviatilis, one of the major malaria vectors in Iran, is assumed to be a complex of sibling species. The aim of this study was to evaluate Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene alongside 28S-D3 as a diagnostic tool for identification of An. fluviatilis sibling species in Iran. METHODS DNA sample belonging to 24 An. fluviatilis mosquitoes from different geographical areas in so...

OBJECTIVE To enhance knowledge and behaviour of Community Health Workers (CHWs) regarding adequate educational content of malaria. METHODS A quasi-experimental study was undertaken in 2003 in Sistan va Baluchestan province, Islamic Republic of Iran. Sixty-four CHWs were selected in both intervention and control groups. A questionnaire consisting of 17 open-ended questions was developed to ass...