Two-factor theory of avoidance remains one of the most infl uential theories of learning. It addresses a question of what works as a reinforcement of avoidance behavior, and proposes that: 1. an organism associates stimuli in the environment with aversive stimuli, and this allows these stimuli to evoke fear; 2. the avoidance response is reinforced by eliminating these warning stimuli or by esca...

In this paper, we demonstrate that predicting stimulus cooccurrence patterns in a Bayes-optimal manner endogenously explains classical conditioning. Simulated experiments with a standard Bayesian implementation of this model show that it is capable of explaining a broader range of effects than any previous theory of classical conditioning. By simplifying the mathematical structure of statistica...

The present paper reviews the material of three species of Asterocheres Boeck 1859 deposited in four different Zoological European museums as part of the ongoing taxonomical revision of this genus. Asterocheres sarsi Bandera & Conradi 2009, the species described by Sars in 1915 as Ascomyzon latum (Brady 1880) and lately recognized as a distinct species by Bandera and Conradi in 2009 is fully de...

The k-cosymplectic Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms of first-order field theories are reviewed and completed. In particular they are stated for singular almost-regular systems. After that, both formalisms are unified by giving an extension of the Skinner-Rusk formulation on classical mechanics for first-order field theories. M.S. Classification (2000): 70S05, 53D05, 53Z05

The conditioning theory of the generalized inverse CA‡ is considered in this article. First, we introduce three kinds condition numbers for CA‡, i.e., normwise, mixed and componentwise ones, present their explicit expressions. Then, using intermediate result, which derivative can recover number expressions solution equality constrained indefinite least squares problem. Furthermore, augment syst...

To better utilize air-conditioning load in terms of demand side response potential and improve precision speed, a control strategy traditional temperature-control air conditioning, determining frequency as the research object, conditioning determined with theory model Monte Carlo method, were used to construct power aggregation model. This was combined user feedback study thermal comfort latera...