We characterize hyponormal “rational” Toeplitz pairs which are pairs of Toeplitz operators whose symbols are rational functions in L∞. The main result of this article is as follows. If T = (Tφ, Tψ) is a hyponormal rational Toeplitz pair then φ− βψ ∈ H for some constant β; in other words, their co-analytic parts necessarily coincide up to a constant multiple. As a corollary we get a complete cha...