Changes in protein function can lead to changes in the selection acting on specific residues. This can often be detected as evolutionary rate changes at the sites in question. A maximum-likelihood method for detecting evolutionary rate shifts at specific protein positions is presented. The method determines significance values of the rate differences to give a sound statistical foundation for t...

There are two main sources of uncertainty and errors in water distribution system simulations. The first one is associated with the modelling of physical elements and represents static (or slowly changing) inaccuracy of the network model. The second source of uncertainty has a dynamic nature and represents inaccurate predictions of consumptions and measurement noise. While, for instance, the pi...

The point of instability of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) due to attractive interactions was studied. Stable 85Rb BECs were created and then caused to collapse by slowly changing the atom-atom interaction from repulsive to attractive using a Feshbach resonance. At a critical value, an abrupt transition was observed in which atoms were ejected from the condensate. By measuring the onset of th...

In this paper, a speech classifier inspired by the signal subspace approach is developed. A novel signal subspace speech model is initially obtained via a rank reducing subspace decomposition algorithm that is based on the SVD. Motivated by the assumption that the speech signal comprises of short term dynamics that are slowly changing, it follows that the signal subspace of the speech signal is...

Zinc is a substance that regulates neural excitability by binding whit sodium channel and potassium channel. The efficiency of free zinc ion, make down the neural survival rate, reduced the peak amplitude of Na+ and make depolarization Na channel, increased the peak amplitude of transition outward k+ currents and delayed rectifier. Also it is an effective blocker of one subtype of tetrodoxine (...