Abstract Sludge effluents and solid deposits generated from the conventional lime treatment processes on Zambian Copperbelt have led to reports of copper (Cu) cobalt (Co) contamination into nearby water bodies. To better understand behaviour metals; partitioning, adsorption their specific binding forms were studied through sequential extraction, batch experiments surface complexation modeling (...

Lime sludge, an inert material mostly composed of calcium carbonate, is the result of softening hard water before distribution as drinking water. A large city such as Des Moines, Iowa, produces about 32 000 tons of lime sludge (dry-weight basis) annually. This is about half of the lime sludge produced in Iowa per year in eight different cities, and these cities currently have 371 800 tons (dry-...

Sludge generation as an organic by-product of wastewater treatment has seen a consistent increase worldwide due to population growth and industrial activities. This poses chronic challenge regarding management options environmental concerns. The agricultural valorization unconventional materials become inevitable, especially in semi-arid arid countries that suffer from depleted soils shortages ...