OBJECTIVE Conversion of macrophages to foam cells is a critical step in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. We sought to identify genes differentially regulated in foam cells, since these are likely to include new targets for intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS We used suppression subtraction hybridization to compare foam cells and nonfoamy macrophages isolated from subcutaneous ...

Despite the increasing interest in CO2 foam flooding for enhanced oil recovery applications, it is challenging to have a successful field operation as the performance of the surfactant is often affected by the presence of crude oil and salinity of the water. It is also challenging to dispose of huge amounts of water associated with the field operation. Due to the incompatibility of the produced...

Foam cell formation is the most important process in atherosclerosis, and low density lipoprotein oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the key step in the conversion of macrophages to foam cells. This study reveals the control mechanism of the gene for NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), which produces ROS in the formation of foam cells by stimulating TLR4. Treatment of macrophages by the TLR4 ago...

We study the effect of two cationic polymers, with trade names Jaguar C13s and Merquat 100, on the rheological properties of foams stabilized with a mixture of anionic and zwitterionic surfactants (sodium lauryloxyethylene sulfate and cocoamidopropyl betaine). A series of five cosurfactants are used to compare the effect of these polymers on foaming systems with high and low surface dilatationa...

In this paper we present a technique for simulating and rendering liquid foams. We are aiming at a functional realism that allows our simulation to be consistent with the physical effects in real liquid foam while avoiding the prohibitive computational cost of a physically accurate simulation. To this end, we have to recreate two important attributes of foam. The dynamic behaviour of the simula...

Regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) is a GTPase-activating protein for G q, which is involved in regulating various vascular functions. To understand how RGS2 regulates foam cell formation, the present study identified signaling pathways controlled by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and discovered new mechanisms whereby protein kinase C (PKC)and phospholipase D (PLD) 2 regulate RGS2 expression. ...

Strong foam can be generated in porous media containing oil, resulting in incremental oil recovery; however, oil recovery factor is restricted. A large fraction of oil recovered by foam flooding forms an oil-in-water emulsion, so that costly methods may need to be used to separate the oil. Moreover, strong foam could create a large pressure gradient, which may cause fractures in the reservoir. ...

BACKGROUND An aerosol foam formulation of fixed combination calcipotriene 0.005% (as hydrate; Cal) plus betamethasone dipropionate 0.064% (BD) was developed to improve psoriasis treatment. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of Cal/BD aerosol foam with Cal/BD ointment after 4 weeks. METHODS In this Phase II, multicenter, investigator-blind, 4-week trial, adult patients with psoria...

BACKGROUND Hydrocellular foam dressing, modern wound dressing, induces moist wound environment and promotes wound healing: however, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for these effects are poorly understood. This study was aimed to reveal the effect of hydrocellular foam dressing on hyaluronan, which has been shown to have positive effects on wound healing, and examined its regulatory mechan...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to compare whether differences exist between 2 viscoelastic foam support surfaces in the development of new pressure ulcers. BACKGROUND There is evidence to support the use of viscoelastic foam over standard hospital foam to reduce pressure. A comparative effectiveness study was done to compare 2 viscoelastic foam support surfaces. DESIGN A rando...