4D printing is a cutting-edge technology that allows for the creation of dynamic, self-assembling structures by utilizing cutting edge, newly introduced smart materials. It builds upon traditional 3D adding dimension time, allowing printed objects to change shape or behavior over time. This achieved through use materials, such as memory alloys polymers, which respond external stimuli heat moist...

This paper presents a comprehensive review of current trends and opportunities for sustainable concrete construction, emphasizing the importance adopting eco-friendly practices to mitigate industry's environmental impact. Green concrete, supplementary cementitious materials, permeable cool use local materials are explored as technologies. Innovations like self-healing 3D-printed photocatalytic ...