BACKGROUND Liver fluke infection caused by the parasite Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini), a human carcinogen, is endemic in north-eastern Thailand and remains a major health problem. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to (1) resurvey the prevalence of O. viverrini infection in a field site from the Khon Kaen Cohort Study (in newly recruited subjects as well as previous cohort su...

BACKGROUND Diverse projects and guidelines to assist hospitals towards the attainment of comprehensive smoke-free policies have been developed. In 2006, Spain government passed a new smoking ban that reinforce tobacco control policies and banned completely smoking in hospitals. This study assesses the progression of tobacco control policies in the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals before ...

Smoking prevalence is lower among women than men in most countries, yet there are about 200 million women in the world who smoke, and in addition, there are millions more who chew tobacco. Approximately 22% of women in developed countries and 9% of women in developing countries smoke, but because most women live in developing countries, there are numerically more women smokers in developing cou...

S moking cessation benefits health and lengthens life expectancy at any age. With that rationale, smoking cessation figures centrally in comprehensive tobacco control initiatives, including the recommendations of the US Preventive Services Task Force and the World Health Organization. 3,4 The population of the United States has recognized the personal benefits of stopping smoking and, at presen...

cooperation among actors is an essential part of urban regeneration initiatives. the main idea of this paper is that, citizens with higher levels of quality of life have more abilities to take part in regeneration and so have more positive attitudes to these initiatives. all real estate owners and residents in all urban distressed areas in mashhad were the statistical population of this researc...

For some years now the Internet and World Wide Web communities have envisaged moving to a ‘next generation’ of Web technologies by promoting a globally unique, and persistent, identifier for identifying and locating many forms of ‘published objects’. These identifiers are called Universal Resource Names (URNs) and they hold out the prospect of being able to refer to an object by what it is (sig...