Carrageenans are commercially important sulfated gums found in various species of red seaweeds (Rhodophyta), wherein they serve a structural function similar to that of pectins in land plants. In this study, carrageenan was used independently or in combination with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and/or Al2(SO4)3 to explore its application as a dry strength additive in papermaking. Strength inde...

The crystal structure of tamarugite [sodium aluminium bis-(sulfate) hexa-hydrate] was redetermined from a single crystal from Mina Alcaparossa, near Cerritos Bayos, southwest of Calama, Chile. In contrast to the previous work [Robinson & Fang (1969 ▶). Am. Mineral. 54, 19-30], all non-H atoms were refined with anisotropic displacement parameters and H-atoms were located by difference Fourier me...

This report presents the first crystal structure determination of the mineral schaurteite, ideally Ca(3)Ge(SO(4))(2)(OH)(6)·3H(2)O, tricalcium germanium bis-(sulfate) hexa-hydroxide trihydrate. This single-crystal X-ray diffraction study investigated a natural sample from the type locality at Tsumeb, Namibia. Schaurteite is a member of the fleischerite group of minerals, which also includes fle...

The title compound, Pr(SO(4))(OH), obtained under hydro-thermal conditions, consists of Pr(III) ions coordinated by nine O atoms from six sulfate groups and three hydroxide anions. The bridging mode of the O atoms results in the formation of a three-dimensional framework, stabilized by two O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the chemical composition of wet precipitation in samples collected at three stations in the Candiota region in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Samples were collected in 2004. Variables analyzed in wet precipitation were pH, conductivity, and concentration of Cl-, NO3-, SO4(2-) F-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co, a...

Interrelationships among blood pressure (BP), sodium (Na), potassium (K), dietary protein, and serum cholesterol level (Chol) were examined in 62% (1120) of 1818 Japanese inhabitants of both sexes aged over 30 years who lived in a rural village in Japan. Fasting single-spot urine specimens were collected in the morning to measure Na, K, urea nitrogen (UN), inorganic sulfate (SO4), and creatinin...

The utilization of pig manure as a source of nutrients for the dissimilatory reduction of sulfates present in phosphogypsum was investigated. In both types of media used (synthetic medium and raw pig manure) increased utilization of sulfates with growing COD/SO4(2-)ratio in the medium was observed. The percent of sulfate reduction obtained in synthetic medium was from 18 to 99%, whereas the val...

The role of meteorology, hydrology and atmospheric deposition on the temporal pattern of SO4 and NO3 concentrations was investigated for three streams draining alpine catchments in Northern Italy. The study sites lie on a gradient of atmospheric fluxes of SO4 and NO3 (from about 50 to 80 meq m−2 y−1, and from 40 to 90 meq m−2 y−1, respectively). As a consequence of the increasing N input, the t...

Eu3+-doped Ba3MgSi2O8 has attracted much attention for the photochromic behavior. It been suggested that this behavior originates from photoinduced electron defects. In study, defects induced in silicate were discussed spectroscopic similarity between Ba3MgSi2O8: Eu3+ and isostructural K3Na(SO4)2. ESR spectra measured a single-crystalline K3Na(SO4)2, orientation of which was determined by Raman...

Multiply charged anions, such as sulfate, play important roles in interfacial and condensed-phase chemistry. Sulfates act as nuclei for cloud formation,1 and the presence of water on the Martian surface has been inferred from sulfate geochemistry.2 Despite the stability of sulfate in many condensed-phase environments, calculations indicate that the isolated dianion is unstable, with an electron...