As in human societies, social learning may play an important role in shaping individual and group characteristics in other mammals. Here, we review research on non-primate mammals, concentrating on work at our long-term meerkat study site, where longitudinal data and field experiments have generated important insights into the role of social learning under natural conditions. Meerkats live unde...

social capital as a resource that may be used by individuals, groups and communities to achieve the desired results is considered. social capital is the concept that in many cases by social analysts used to describe a wide range of social processes and helps to understand why some people groups and social classes to the political, economic and social achieve more positive than others, are to be...

Observations of primate groups have shown that social learning can lead to the development of temporal stable traditions or even proto-culture. The social structure of primate groups is highly diverse and it has been proposed that differences in the group structure shall influence the patterns of social information transmission. While empirical studies have mainly focused on the psychological m...

al-ghallābī is rated as among the shī‘ī authors of the third/eighth century, through whom many historical traditions have been related in shī‘ī and sunnī sources. examining the status of al-ghallābī’s traditions in the two major sects (of shī‘a and sunnī), this writing is intended to find the reason for the permeation of his traditions into the sources belonging to the sunnīs – who are very cau...

Cross-site comparison studies of behavioral variation can provide evidence for traditions in wild species once ecological and genetic factors are excluded as causes for cross-site differences. These studies ensure behavior variants are considered within the context of a species' ecology and evolutionary adaptations. We examined wide-scale geographic variation in the behavior of spider monkeys (...

indigenous knowledge of each land is the manner of understanding and attitude of people towards world that shows the outcome of ancestors' experiences for years on optimal utilization of resources around human beings. emphasis on technology transition and disregard for indigenous knowledge cause not only destroys the relationship between humans and the environment, but also causes disrupti...